垃圾渗滤液短程硝化反硝化中试研究

采用两级A/O-MBR中试装置构建短程硝化反硝化系统,并用于处理实际垃圾渗滤液。考察了系统在不同进水C/N比值下对污染物的去除效果,并分析了各生化单元中氨氮、硝氮、亚硝氮和总氮的变化情况。结果表明,短程硝化反硝化系统在进水C/N比值为3时,具有最佳的脱氮除碳效果,对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别达到79%、99.2%和92%,具有良好的应用前景。     

准好氧填埋中不同区域反硝化类型分析

依据准好氧填埋的原理构建了准好氧填埋模拟试验装置。在填埋不同区域内布设渗滤液采样器定期进行渗滤液采样,并对渗滤液进行水质分析．分析指标包括COD、总氮、氨氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氯等。结果表明,由于受氧气浓度、氨氮浓度等的影响,不同区域内反硝化类型是不同的。好氧和准好氧区域内以好氧反硝化为主,厌氧区域内以传统厌氧反硝化为主,同时研究表明高浓度氨氮对好氧反硝化的抑制作用小于对传统厌氧反硝化的抑制。     

短程硝化联合厌氧氨氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的启动

针对晚期垃圾渗滤液脱氮难的问题,采用短程硝化SBR联合厌氧氨氧化SBR工艺处理晚期垃圾渗滤液.短程硝化SBR经过50 d驯化和培养,其最终出水亚硝态氮质量浓度维持在500 mg/L左右,短程硝化率稳定在98％以上.为了消除过高亚硝态氮对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制,压氧氨氧化SBR由传统的操作模式改为反应期间连续进水间歇沉淀和出水,其水力停留时间控制在20 h.在配水驯化期,进水亚硝质量浓度由60 mg/L提升至395 mg/L,总氮容积去除速率由0.10 kg/(m3·d)提升至0.75 kg/(m3·d);驯化结束后,逐步掺入渗滤液,在实验的第156天,进水中的亚硝态氮全部由好氧SBR的出水提供.研究结果表明:渗滤液中难降解的COD未对厌氧氨氧化菌产生抑制作用,少量的反硝化作用反而提高了系统总氮的去除率,此时,系统的总氮容积去除速率为0.76 kg/(m3·d),进水COD、亚硝态氮和氨氮质量浓度分别为295,390,295 mg/L,出水CDO、亚硝态氮和氨氮质量浓度分别为246,1.3和0.6 mg/L;在不添加任何碳源的条件下,总氮去除率达90％以上.     

短程硝化–厌氧氨氧化在实际垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的启动运行研究

针对新型脱氮工艺短程硝化–厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)过程中亚硝氮难以稳定生成的难题,设计水解酸化+UASB+好氧氧化的处理工艺,应用于实际垃圾渗滤液处理工程.结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度为610～1900 mg/L,C/N比为1.8～3.5时,在进水量为100 m3/d,回流比为2:1,pH值为7.5～8.0,DO为2....     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

SBR工艺去除MAP沉淀后垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实时控制

以经过UASB(上流式厌氧活性污泥床)+MAP(磷酸氨镁)处理后的垃圾渗滤液为试验用水,以氧化还原电位(ORP)、pH及溶解氧(DO)作为控制参数,系统研究了序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺生物脱氮过程的实时控制策略.结果表明:对于经过前处理的垃圾渗滤液,生物系统可以实现剩余氨氮的完全硝化-反硝化反应;在厌氧阶段,反硝化完全时,ORP曲线出现硝酸盐"膝点";在好氧阶段,硝化完全时,虽然pH曲线没有出现氨"谷点",但出现了转折点.因而,ORP和pH可分别作为反硝化及硝化反应控制参数.实时控制系统经2个月的稳定运行,总有机氮(TOC)和总氮(TN)的去除率分别达到了84 %和98 %.     

影响膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化因素研究

通过控制膜生物反应器(MBR)中溶解氧(DO)浓度、碳氮比(C/N)、污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)等摸索了实现同步硝化反硝化的工艺条件,同时对好氧反应器中实现同步硝化反硝化的机理进行了探讨.化学需氧量(COD)在250 mg/L左右,C/N为10～30∶1,MLSS为5 g/L,HRT为5.0 h,DO为0.6～0.8 mg/L时,总氮去除率达86.0%,取得了良好的总氮去除效果,表明由于好氧反应器中缺氧区的存在,控制好操作条件可以实现同步硝化反硝化.体系中氨氮、硝态氮浓度的变化与总氮去除的关系说明短程反硝化现象的存在,而且在实现同步硝化反硝化过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

垃圾渗滤液厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的协同作用

采用有效容积为4.5 L的UASB生物反应器,对广东某垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液配水进行厌氧氨氧化及反硝化.结果表明:在有机环境下,UASB反应器中可以实现厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的协同作用;在厌氧氨氧化活性稳定阶段(120天开始),氨氮和亚硝氮的平均去除率分别高达94.79%和98.17%;试验过程中,CODCr最高去除率可达51.68%,平均去除率为23.51%,相应的平均容积去除负荷为84.53 mg/(L·d).     

曝气生物滤池前置反硝化去除COD、NH4+-N和总氮研究

为了满足出水总氮的要求,采用前置反硝化工艺完成脱氮过程。本文对曝气生物滤池前置反硝化工艺脱氮、去除COD的工艺性能进行研究,结果表明,系统对COD的去除主要发生在好氧柱,好氧柱出水基本比较稳定,系统出水COD浓度始终保持在50mg/L以下,COD去除率在83%以上;系统对氨氮有较高的去除效果,出水氨氮浓度低于4mg/L,去除率在80%以上;系统对总氮的去除率在40～50%之间。系统对总氮的去除率不高。     

A_2N-SBR双污泥反硝化生物除磷系统效能分析

采用生活污水和A2N-SBR工艺对反硝化除磷过程进行了研究.在进水COD浓度为325mg/L,磷浓度为9.1mg/L,氨氮浓度为65mg/L的条件下,出水氨氮浓度和磷浓度分别为3.3mg/L和0.17mg/L,氮和磷的去除率分别为95%和98%.进水C/N比对A2N-SBR反硝化除磷体系的除磷和脱氮效率都有重要影响,在进水C/N比为5时获得了最佳的脱氮和除磷效率;当C/N比小于5时,氮和磷的去除率都有大幅度的下降;当C/N比大于5时,氮的去除率未受到影响,而磷的去除率却有所下降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.