油酸修饰PbS纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂的SEM研究

在醇–水混合溶剂中合成了油酸(OA)修饰PbS纳米粒子,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学行为,并利用SEM及EDS研究了磨损表面. 结果表明,由于在摩擦表面生成化学反应膜,油酸覆盖的PbS纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩、抗磨性能.     

油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的摩擦学性能

在无水乙醇-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液混合体系中使用液相还原法制备了油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒.使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,结果表明:油酸修饰铜纳米颗粒的粒径大小约为20 nm.用FALEX-6型四球试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的抗磨减摩性能,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.2%时就能明显降低摩擦系数,当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时摩擦系数下降至最低值,但当进一步增加浓度至1.0%时,摩擦系数开始有较大的增加趋势.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对摩擦表面进行观察,结果表明:当添加纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.4%时磨斑直径(WSD)为最小值,抗磨效果最好.     

聚合物改性纳米二氧化硅的制备与摩擦学性能

运用纳米二氧化硅粒子的制备和表面改性的"一体化",合成了高聚物一纳米二氧化硅粒子;用IR和扫描探针显微镜(SPM)对其结构进行了表征;在液体石蜡中考察了其溶解性;采用热重分析(TGA)对其热稳定性进行了评价,添加剂的起始分解温度最低为100℃,能满足一般工况条件的要求;并在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能,结果表明这一类添加剂可以大幅度提高液体石蜡的极压抗磨性能.     

4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基)-丁基-2-羟基苯甲酸表面改性纳米TiO_2的研究

4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基)-丁基-2-羟基苯甲酸(C8SA)对纳米TiO2微粒进行了表面改性.通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和热分析仪(TG-DTA)等技术手段对TiO2/C8SA进行了分析表征,结果证明C8SA成功修饰在纳米TiO2表面.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了TiO2/C8SA作为润滑油添加剂在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨行为,TiO2/C8SA纳米微粒对钢-钢摩擦副表现出较好的减摩抗磨作用.     

镍纳米片的制备、表征及摩擦学应用

采用液相化学还原结合界面生长法,以醋酸镍为母体,水合肼为还原剂,吐温-40为修饰剂,NaOH为pH调节剂,正丁醇为生长剂,制备了厚度15～27 nm、片长380～500 nm的镍纳米片.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度仪对镍纳米片进行了表征.将镍纳米片、球形镍纳米颗粒作为基础油液体石蜡(LP)的添加剂,在UMT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损实验机上分别考察添加前、添加后LP的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,镍纳米片的晶格参数膨胀率为0.971%,各晶面2θ相应增加;与基础油LP相比,添加纳米镍后,较大程度降低了摩擦副的摩擦因数,显著改善了LP的摩擦性能;就改善效果而言,镍纳米片优于球形镍纳米颗粒.     

二氧化钛表面修饰的氧化锌纳米棒膜的光催化性能

采用两步化学法制备了氧化锌纳米棒膜,再通过溶胶-凝胶法对氧化锌纳米棒膜进行二氧化钛表面修饰改性．通过XRD、SEM和模拟太阳光下的光催化降解实验等手段研究和分析了氧化锌纳米棒的生长行为及光催化活性．结果表明：两步化学法所制备氧化锌纳米棒主要为C-轴取向生长;二氧化钛表面修饰后可以明显改善氧化锌纳米棒膜的光催化活性和光催化稳定性．     

表面修饰CeF3纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

在水-醇混合介质中采用阳离子共沉淀表面修饰法,制备了硬脂酸修饰的CeF3纳米微粒,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了CeF3纳米微粒摩擦学特性.结果表明,表面修饰CeF3纳米微粒在有机溶剂中具有良好的分散性和稳定性,作为润滑油添加剂,显示出良好的减摩、抗磨和承载性能.     

油酸修饰的纳米氧化锌的紫外屏蔽特性

通过简单的水热法和微波辅助法水热法制备了不同形貌的纳米氧化锌(ZnO),使用油酸对其进行了修饰。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、光致发光谱、红外光谱、紫外吸收谱等研究了油酸修饰的纳米ZnO的结构和特性。实验发现油酸修饰的纳米ZnO实现了由亲水疏油性到亲油疏水性性能的改变,当应用到凡士林保湿润肤霜中,达到了很好的屏蔽紫外线效果。     

表面修饰的纳米氧化锌的分散稳定性研究

通过采用不同的修饰剂,对合成的纳米氧化锌进行表面修饰,进而研究了修饰后的纳米氧化锌的分散稳定性.经研究发现,修饰后的纳米氧化锌Zeta电位增大,产品的稳定性增加.     

添加纳米二氧化硅的菜籽油润滑行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯为原料制备了纳米二氧化硅微粒,通过透射电子显微镜对其结构进行了表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定了添加不同含量纳米二氧化硅菜籽油润滑剂摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜和能量散射谱仪观察分析了磨损表面形貌及表面元素组成.结果表明:所制备的纳米二氧化硅是粒径为50 nm球形微粒,具有很高的表面能和表面活性,具有无定形结构;纳米二氧化硅作为菜籽油添加剂能显著提高菜籽油的PB和PD值,添加量为2.5%时的润滑剂性能最好,相对应的钢球磨斑直径最小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.