La0.7Sr0.3MnO3外延膜厚度引起的电阻率变化

不同厚度的La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)外延薄膜被沉积到立方相的LaA lO3(001)单晶衬底上,XRD测试结果显示,LSMO外延膜的结构是单相的,具有与衬底相同的晶格取向;随着膜厚的增加,LSMO外延膜的晶格经历应变到驰豫的变化.电阻测量显示,应变驰豫的薄膜(较厚的薄膜)有较大的电阻率,这与该膜中缺陷浓度增加有关.此外,也对生长在不同单晶衬底上的LSMO外延膜(厚度相同)的结构和电阻进行了对比研究.     

应变对铁酸铋外延薄膜结构和压电性能的调控

在掺铌钛酸锶单晶衬底上,用脉冲激光沉积法制备不同厚度的铁酸铋外延薄膜,获得不同应变状态的铁酸铋薄膜,研究应变对薄膜结构和压电性能的影响.X线衍射结果显示铁酸铋薄膜沿衬底外延生长,并且随着厚度的增加,晶格弛豫,面外应变由2.778%减小到2.045%,铁酸铋薄膜也从完全应变过渡到应变部分释放.压电力显微镜测试显示,不同应变状态的铁酸铋薄膜都具有良好的压电响应,压电系数d33随应变的减小也相应地由259 pm/V减小到136 pm/V.     

利用同步辐射XRD研究BiFeO3 外延多铁薄膜的微结构

使用脉冲激光沉积在SrTiO₃ 衬底上生长了不同厚度的BiFeO₃(BFO)薄膜, X 射线衍射分析表明薄膜是BFO 外延薄膜. X 射线反射率测量发现BFO 薄膜密度随着厚度的增加而增加, 同时薄膜表面存在厚度为数纳米的非设计覆盖层. 随着厚度的增加, BFO 薄膜由完全应变过渡到应变部分弛豫状态, 同时BFO 从四方相转变为单斜相.     

磁控溅射法生长ZnO薄膜的结构和表面形貌特性

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(111)和玻璃基片上制备ZnO薄膜.研究衬底温度和基片类型对薄膜结构、表面形貌的影响.结果显示,所有ZnO薄膜沿c轴择优生长,同种基片类型上生长的薄膜,随着衬底温度升高,(002)衍射峰强度和表面粗糙度增高;相同衬底温度下生长的ZnO薄膜,Si基片上制备的薄膜(002)衍射峰强度和表面粗糙度小于玻璃片上的.基片类型影响薄膜应力状态,玻璃片上制备的ZnO薄膜处于张应变状态,Si基片上的薄膜处于压应变状态;对于同种基片类型上生长的ZnO薄膜,衬底温度升高,应力减小.Si衬底上、300℃下沉积的薄膜颗粒尺寸分布呈正态.     

分解GaP源固态分子束外延生长InGaP/GaAs的结构和性能

采用分解GaP这一新型固态P源分子束外延在GaAs衬底成功制备了InGaP外延薄膜.3μm厚的InGaP外延层低温荧光峰位是1.998 eV,半峰宽为5.26 meV.双晶摇摆曲线的线宽同GaAs衬底相近.霍尔测量非故意掺杂InGaP外延层的室温迁移率同其他源或其他方法生长的外延层结果类似.     

含中心裂纹石墨烯拉伸性能的分子动力学模拟

基于分子动力学方法,采用Tersoff势函数,研究了含中心裂纹扶手椅型单层石墨烯薄膜的破坏过程.得到了相应的应力-应变曲线及破坏形态,分析了裂纹尺寸、应变率以及温度变化对含中心裂纹石墨烯薄膜拉伸力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着裂纹尺寸的增大及温度的升高,石墨烯薄膜的破坏强度和破坏应变均减小,裂纹开始扩展时对应的应力减小;随着应变率增大,石墨烯薄膜的破坏强度和破坏应变均增加,裂纹的起裂应力及扩展过程中的平均速度均增加;薄膜的破坏均是从中心裂纹附近开始,随着裂纹尺寸、应变率及温度的变化,石墨烯薄膜表现出不同的破坏机制;较高应变率作用下,薄膜中心和边缘处均出现C—C键断裂.     

铜膜厚度对铜膜结构和光电学性质的影响

采用热蒸发方法在玻璃基片上沉积100 nm以内不同厚度的铜薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和分光光度计分别检测薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性质,用Van der Pauw方法测量薄膜的电学性质.结果表明,可以将薄膜按厚度划分为区(0~11.5 nm)的岛状膜、区(11.5~32 nm)的网状膜和区(32.0 nm)的连续膜.薄膜的表面粗糙度随膜厚的增加,在、区时增加,区时减小.薄膜电阻在区时无法测量,在区随膜厚的增加急剧下降,而在区时随膜厚增加缓慢减小.薄膜的光学吸收与其表面粗糙度密切相关,其变化规律与表面粗糙度的变化相一致.     

MOCVD GaN/InN/GaN量子阱的应变表征

采用MOCVD外延生长11周期InN/GaN量子阱结构样品,原子力显微镜表面形貌结果显示实现了台阶流动生长模式.通过高分辨率X射线衍射与掠入射X射线反射谱技术获得了阱层与垒层的实际厚度.从(102)非对称衍射面与(002)对称衍射面的倒异空间图,确认了InN阱层处于与GaN共格生长的完全应变状态,获得了GaN缓冲层的晶体质量信息及其c轴与a轴晶格常数,确认外延层因受衬底热失配的影响处于压应变状态.     

滚动轧制对7050铝合金FSW接头组织的影响

采用自制的滚动轧制头对5 mm厚的7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头进行表面滚动轧制处理,并对滚动轧制前后接头的表面粗糙度、变形程度及横截面纵深方向微观组织演化进行了分析.结果表明：滚动轧制后接头的表面粗糙度得到改善,R_a由焊接态的7.45μm减小至6.82μm.接头横截面纵深方向从表面向下分为过渡良好的3层,依此为变形层、过渡层及微塑性变形层.变形层是应变最显著的微区,应变呈梯度分布,表层变形最大,随着距接头表面深度的增大而降低.变形层因经历了最大的变形,焊核区原始的等轴状晶粒变形细化,在距接头表面一定深度范围内形成厚度不等的纳米结构.     

锌漆薄膜/2Cr13不锈钢基体薄膜裂纹间距与厚度关系

以锌漆薄膜/2Cr13不锈钢基体材料为对象,采用拉伸试验与理论分析相结合的方法,研究了不锈钢基体薄膜裂纹间距与厚度关系以及薄膜临界厚度问题.研究结果表明:张拉应变一定时,薄膜存在一个临界厚度.当薄膜厚度小于该临界厚度时,薄膜中不会有裂纹产生,应变越大,临界厚度越小;当薄膜厚度大于临界值时,随着薄膜厚度增加,薄膜裂纹间距也随之增大,二者近似线性相关.对于同一薄膜厚度,随着拉伸荷载持续增加,新裂纹不断出现,裂纹间距不断减小.最终表面裂纹达到饱和状态,裂纹分布呈周期性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to