诗词意象三论

“意”与“象、量关系实际是比兴关系，采用的是比喻与象征的手法，一“意”既可换多“象”，一“象”亦可呈多“意”。意象有四种主要类型（纪实再现型、写景咏怀型、托物寄寓型、变形灵动型），意象的营构手法也多种多样；诗词的锤炼，主要是炼意。     

论艺术语言和"立象以尽意"的关系

界定“艺术语言”、“意象”，解释“立象以尽意”的含义，论证“立象以尽意”是艺术语言的本体；艺术语言的创造过程是“立象以尽意”的过程，艺术语言的审美过程是析象悟意的过程。     

比兴思维与意象的生成

意象是汉代之后逐渐形成的一个审美范畴,王充较早提出这一概念。王弼探讨了意象的创造过程,将其看做是意和象的统一。“立象”是意象创造中的核心问题,自然涉及艺术思维。“立象”的过程是比兴思维的过程,无论是选择物象还是心理创造都离不开比兴思维。在比兴思维的调和下,意象才能真正地发挥审美作用。“兴象”从基元上讲就是一种审美意象,但它不是普通的意象,而是一种言有尽而意无穷,且具有刚健壮大情思的审美意象。这种审美意象就是象外之象。     

中国古代文论中“意”“象”渊源简论

“意”“象”在早期的古代文论中本是单独的概念，随着文学批评的逐渐丰富发展，二者也不断被赋予不同的内涵，它们以不同的内涵对文学现象进行品评，并最终形成“意象”这样一个抽象的文学批评理念，“象”、“意”、“意象”作为一种文学特征和美学现象，影响了整个古代文论。本文即对这三个重要的文学批评理念进行一个追本溯源的简论，以求教于方家。     

小说意象的功能分析

作为环境、人物和情节的构成成分而存在的小说意象,其首要功能是基础性叙事,而小说意象“意”与“象”之间的相似性、互喻性,小说意象的象征意蕴又进一步深化了叙事内涵。小说中。意象的建构功能是统摄作品整体结构,而对应式意象成为文本多线并行中的穿珠之线、辐射点。小说意象在美感上的主要功能是增强抒情性,调控叙事节奏。     

张承志作品的意象群落

“意象指创作主体通过艺术思维所创造的融汇了主体意趣的形象。”①通过意象，作者把自己的影子投射到物质中；通过意象，我们也可以解读作者的意旨。对于回族作家张承志来说，意象是一种特有的话语方式。他的小说和散文均呈现出浓烈的诗性。与其说作为作家的张承志创造了作品意象，毋宁说意象创造了作为张承志的作家。本文把作家现实经历及文本透露出的主体经验作为“意”，把作品中选取、塑造的具体形象作为“象”，把二者的交合物群看作一个具有整体性的意象群落，剖析出群落的形成因素、群落的特性和群落的指涉意义。     

化实为虚：化言为象与披文入情－－中国传统诗学接受论研究（上）

中国传统诗学接受论认为：如果说读者紧承作者的“言者所以明象”而“寻言以观象”，并进而“得像而忘言”的化言为象是一种化实为虚；那么，读者在此基础上更进一步紧承作者的“象者所以存意”而“寻象以观意”，并进而“得意而忘象”，即使阅读上升到阅读主体与创作主体精神情感交融的境界，这无疑是更高层次的一种化实为虚，亦即所谓“披文以入情”。     

论意象的泛化

根据中国古义，意象应定义为“由作者创造的，具有象征意的独特物象”。但意象泛化的情况大量存在。泛化之一是将不具有象征意的物象当作意象；泛化之二是把具有象征意的故事当作意象。意象泛化的原因在于对意象内涵的认定和把握颇为随意和混乱，其结果是取消了意象的独立价值。     

重"意"与重"形"的审美诉求--中西诗学中的"象"及其美学意义初探

“象”作为一个重要范畴,在中国诗学中主要表现为“意象”,而在西方诗学中主要表现为“形象”。中国诗学中的“象”以“意象”的表现形式实践了一条明倡“形神兼备”,暗中则是“神似胜于形似”,重“意”远远胜过重“形”的道路;而西方则刚好走了相反的路子,它以“形象”的表现形式演绎了一段重“形”轻“意”的历史。近现代西方美学中“意象”概念的广泛使用和文艺实践,为中西诗学的对话和未来发展昭示了广阔的交融前景。     

辞章"一象多意"例析二题

"一象多意"是个别意象内部独特的一种偏义现象.所谓"一象多意" ,是指同一种"景意象"或"事意象",能用以表达各种不同的情意思想.本文以"流水意象"与"入梦意象"进行例析,除了印证"一象"能够蕴含"多意"的文学现象外,更归纳出"流水意象"与"入梦意象"典型且多元的"一象多意"意象系统.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.