胜利褐煤水热解聚物中正构烷基环戊烷的富集与分析

胜利褐煤在240oC下的Na OH/水中热溶2 h得到水热解聚物(TW).向TW中加入盐酸使其形成微固相-液相状态,然后在超声波辐射下依次用石油醚、环己烷、二硫化碳和苯对TW进行分级萃取获得萃取物1到4(E1到E4).用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)在E4中检测到了8种偶碳长链烷基环戊烷(C20-34),它们可能是煤中重要的生物标志物.温和水热解聚结合微固液萃取是分析低阶煤中有机质的有效方法.     

神府和胜利煤液化残渣CS_2萃取物的组成分析

以CS2作为溶剂,对神府和胜利煤液化残渣进行了常温萃取,利用GC/MS对萃取物进行分析,考察产物中各族组分的分布规律,进而比较两种煤液化残渣的分子结构特征.结果表明:在神府和胜利煤液化残渣的萃取物中分别检测到33和22种化合物,主要由大分子的芳烃、脂肪烃和含杂原子有机化合物组成.芳烃包括4-7环的稠环芳烃及其烷基取代衍生物,其中6环的苯并[ghi]苝含量最高,脂肪烃主要为正构烷烃和取代烷烃,含杂原子有机化合物主要以含氧和含硫元素的化合物为主.     

俄罗斯减压渣油在次氯酸钠水溶液中的氧化解聚研究

利用NaClO水溶液对俄罗斯减压渣油(RVR)中的芳烃碳进行选择性氧化降解,用石油醚、二氯甲烷、环己烷、二硫化碳和乙醚对其氧化产物分级萃取,用重氮甲烷-乙醚溶液对二氯甲烷萃取物和乙醚萃取物进行甲酯化处理,采用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对各级萃取物进行分析.考察了与芳环相连的正构烷基侧链和桥接芳环的聚亚甲基链的分布,根据二元到五元一系列苯多甲酸的结构反推出RVR中的缩合芳环结构,根据检测到的含硫、氮和氧化合物推测了杂原子在重油中的赋存形态,计算出NaClO水溶液对芳烃碳的氧化选择性达6.5%.     

准东煤CS_(2-)丙酮萃取物的GC/MS分析

以CS2-丙酮混合溶剂作为溶剂,对准东煤进行了常温萃取,并利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术对萃取物进行分析.结果表明:萃取物中GC/MS可检测成分主要为芳烃、脂肪烃以及含杂原子有机化合物组成.芳烃主要为1-6环的稠环芳烃及其烷基取代衍生物,且以含苯环数为4环的稠环芳烃为主.脂肪烃主要成分为链状烷烃以及少量萜类和甾类衍生物.而含杂原子化合物主要以含氧和含氮元素的化合物为主.     

锡林浩特褐煤的钌离子催化氧化

对锡林浩特褐煤进行钌离子催化氧化,氧化产物经重氮甲烷酯化后用GC/MS进行分析,并由此推测原煤的组成结构.结果表明,锡林浩特褐煤钌离子催化氧化产物的主要成份是二元烷酸和苯多酸,由此推测锡林涪特褐煤中含有大量的α,ω-二芳基烷烃和稠环芳烃结构,α,ω-二芳基烷烃的烷基桥链碳原子数分布为C2～C11;苯多酸中苯四甲酸的收率最高,苯五甲酸和笨六甲酸的收率较低,表明锡林浩特褐煤中稠环芳烃结构的缩合程度较低.     

锡林浩特褐煤的超临界甲醇解研究

在250～330℃温度范围内研究锡林浩特褐煤的超临界甲醇解,考察反应温度、时间、压力、溶煤比和醇解次数等对锡林浩特褐煤在超临界甲醇中可溶物收率的影响,并采用GC/MS对可溶物进行分析表征.结果表明,在310℃下进行超临界甲醇解,锡林浩特褐煤热溶物收率高达39.5%,其可溶物主要由酚类、芳烃、酯类、正构烷烃及含硫和含氮化合物组成.     

微波辅助下锡林浩特褐煤的CS_2-丙酮萃取物组成分析

在微波辅助下用等体积的CS2-丙酮为溶剂对锡林浩特褐煤进行萃取,萃取物用GC/MS分析.结果表明:萃取物中共检测到70种有机化合物,可分类为烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、酚类、醛类、酮类、脂肪酸、酯类和含氮化合物.含氮化合物含量和种类均为最多,共26种含氮化合物,相对含量为54.36%,推测因为CS2和丙酮之间存在缔合关系,促使含氮化合物从煤中被萃取出来.     

先锋褐煤二硫化碳和甲醇萃取物的分析

分别以CS2和甲醇为溶剂,辅以超声波对先锋褐煤进行常温萃取,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析萃取物的组成及结构。结果表明,两种萃取物中共检测到124种有机化合物;CS2萃取物中烃类化合物相对含量较高,占CS2萃取物总量的52.08%,从C14~C30(除C23外)烷连续分布;甲醇萃取物中含氧和含氮化合物相对含量较高,分别占甲醇萃取物总量的39.28%和20.95%;此外还检测到多种生物标示物。     

霍林郭勒褐煤NaOCl氧化残渣的分离与分析

依次用石油醚、CS2、丙酮和甲醇4种溶剂通过索式萃取对霍林郭勒褐煤(HL)的次氯酸钠(NaOCl)水溶液氧化残渣进行分级萃取.发现总的萃取率大于原煤萃取率.所得各级萃取物用GC/MS分析检测,E1和E2馏分中分别检测到85种和23种化合物,E3和E4萃取馏分中无GC/MS可检物质.结果表明煤的次氯酸钠氧化有助于提高煤的萃取率,索式萃取可实现氧化残渣的族组分分离.     

灵武煤CS2/NMP萃取物的柱层析分离及其馏分的GC/MS分析

室温下用等体积的二硫化碳/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(CS2/NMP)混合溶剂对灵武煤进行超声辐射萃取.依次用正己烷、苯、氯仿和四氢呋喃作为展开剂对萃取物进行柱层析分离,得到馏分F1～F4,用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析各馏分.结果表明,烷烃高度富集于F1中,F3中稠环芳烃相对含量最高,F4的主要成分是含氧有机化合物.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.