SO_4~（2－）／MO_2超强酸体系催化酯化性能研究

本文报导了二种用于多元醇酯化反应催化剂的合成：ＳＯ_４~（２－）／ＺｒＯ_２和ＳＯ_４~（２－）／ＴｉＯ_２，并测试了该类固体超强酸催化剂的酸强度、比表面等性质。研究了在不同焙烧温度下其催化性能；进而用红外吸收光谱证实了超强酸催化剂表面的ＳＯ_４~（２－）主要以ＳＯ_３的化学物质形式存在。     

SO^2—4／MO2超强酸体系催化酯化性能研究

本文报导了二种用于多元醇酯化反应催化剂的合成：ＳＯ＾２－４／Ｒｏ２Ｔ ｏ＾２－ｖ／ＴｉＯ２并测试了该类固体超强酸催化剂的酸强度、比表面等性质。研究了在不同焙烧温度下其催化性能；进而用红外收光谱证实了超强酸催化剂表面的ＳＯ＾２－４主要以ＳＯ３的化学物质形式存在。     

固体超强酸TiO2／SO4^2—催化合成丁酸异戌酯的研究

报道固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－作为催化剂进行了酸与异戌醇酯化反应的合成路线和工艺条件，实验结果表明；使用合适条件制备的固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－在１３５￣１４２℃，酸与醇比为１：２和适量（３％ｗｔ）催化剂下，反应１．５小时，丁酸异戌酯产率可达９０％左右。     

催化合成丙烯酸酯

用固体超强酸ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２催化丙烯酸的酯化反应。研究了催化剂的制备及丙烯酸丁酯（ＡＥＢ）合成的适宜工艺条件,并用该催化剂合成了６种丙烯酸酯,其产率为７８．６％－８９．７％。     

SO4^2—／ZrO2催化合成核黄素四丙酸酯的研究

合成了不同种类的ＳＯ４＾２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸催化剂,并考察了各种催化剂对合成核黄素四丙酸酯反应活性的影响,发现ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸催化剂活性最高,通过单因子实验,探讨了ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２的制备条件、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,优化了催化剂制备条件,实验结果表明：ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸催化剂对核黄素四丙酸酯的合成反应具有良好的催化活性,具有易     

用磷-稀土元素改性ZSM-5沸石催化剂的催化特性研究

本文用Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂法，程序升温脱附法和红外光谱法考察了磷和磷一(?)改性ＺＳＭ－５沸石催化剂表面酸性变化对甲苯歧化催化剂性能影响，认为磷酸与沸石的直接作用,使沸石的强酸中心消失。而磷酸与加入氧化铝担体的ＺＳＭ－５沸石催化剂的相互作用，主要表现为变强酸中心为弱酸中心。通过与催化反应结果关联,看出反应选择性的提高与强酸中心和弱酸中心的比值有关。因此,用磷-PK稀土改性ＺＳＭ－５沸石催化剂上甲苯歧化，对二甲苯选择性提高到92-96%左右．     

负载 SO_4~(2-)-M_xO_y 催化剂的制备及性能研究

本文采用固相焙烧法将ＳＯ２－４－ＭｘＯｙ固体超强酸负载于不同载体上，制备出分散负载ＳＯ２－４－ＭｘＯｙ型催化剂。戊烷异构化反应结果表明采用该法制备的催化剂具有强酸位，能在较低反应温度下，催化需要强酸位的反应。ＳＥＭ，ＸＲＤ等测试结果表明经焙烧后的ＳＯ２－４－ＭｘＯｙ在载体表面得到较好的分散，ＺｒＯ２以四方相存在。     

固体超强酸催化双戊烯酯化反应研究

本以固体超强酸ＡｌＣｌ３－Ｄ７２为催化剂，进行了双烯乙酸酯化的研究，用ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ法对酯化产物进行了分析。考察了反应温度，催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化反应的影响，α－乙酸松油酯为主要酯化物。     

α─萘乙酸甲酯的合成研究

本文报导了用固体超强酸Ｔｉｏ２／ＳＯ２－４催化合成。α－萘乙酸甲酯的方法，并讨论了催化剂的用量、反应物的摩尔比、反应温度等对反应产率的影响。     

应变层超晶格界面AISb－GaSb，AISb－InSb和GaSb－InSb的价带偏移

采用平均键能理论结合形变势方法对由ＡＩＳｂ，ＧａＳｂ和ＩｎＳｂ所构成的应变超晶格界面在任意应变状态下的价带偏移值进行了确定，并分析了阳离子浅ｄ轨道对价带偏移值的影响．结果表明，它们的价带偏移值具有显著的应变效应，此一显著的应变效应来源于应变的单轴分量及其与自旋－轨道分裂能量的耦合．这一效应导致了ＡＩＳｂ－ｌｎＳｂ和ＧａＳｂ－ＩｎＳｂ系统中最高价带排列的Ⅰ－Ⅱ型超晶格的转变．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.