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21世纪水稻育种的新战略——综合利用无融合生殖、异源多倍体化和体细胞杂交技术 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
蔡得田 《湖北大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(1)
从生殖方式改变和作物进化趋势分析,论述了以无融合生殖为基础,结合利用优良基因、多倍体化和现代生物技术的21世纪水稻育种新战略.它包括3个部分:1利用无融合生殖建立快速育种新方法.利用水稻的孤雌生殖和无配子生殖能力,获得早世代稳定品系,建立快速育种方法,把无融合生殖特性与闭颖授粉、优质、抗性等特性结合探索高产优质多抗育种新途径,逐步实现利用无融合生殖固定杂种优势的目的.2利用无融合生殖和多倍体化探索育种新途径异源多倍体化是作物进化的总趋势.水稻是二倍体,基因组小通过无融合生殖、广亲和、异源多倍体化的利用,选育异源多倍体水稻,增加它的遗传变异范围,大幅度提高水稻的产量、质量和抗性.3.无融合生殖水稻和C4作物杂交创造高光效异源多倍体新作物.利用无融合生殖水稻与无融合生殖高光效的C4作物,如高粱、摩擦禾、大黍等杂交,特别是体细胞杂交和基因工程技术,创造具有无融合生殖特性高光效作物新品种 相似文献
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<正> “十五”以来,农八师石河子棉花育种工作在棉花早熟、抗病、丰产等方面取得了显著成效,一批抗病、早熟、丰产品种(系)应运而生,并在生产中示范、推广,目前棉花育种正在品质育种、特色棉育种(中长绒、彩色棉)上下功夫,也取得了阶段性成果。现将石河子棉花育种工作小结如下:1 加大对棉花育种单位的支持力度 棉花育种是一个永恒课题,科委一直将棉花做为重点支持项目,近几年棉花育种经费拨款在15万元以上,2002年达到19万元,另外,棉花新品种(系)地区多点试验2万元,棉花新品种示范推广3万元,合计24万元。 相似文献
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高油玉米三个遗传效应的综合利用生产模式是未来高油玉米生产的一种重要方式,而高油玉米雄性不育化研究又是实现三利用生产模式的关键技术环节,采用不育型高油玉米杂交种X超高油玉米杂交种的生产模式,可有效地提高高油玉米的含油量。 相似文献
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李荣改 《河北科技师范学院学报》1991,(3)
对02428、cpslo17、培矮64在三系杂交稻中的利用进行分析,结果表明,亲和力高低依次为cpslo17、培矮64、02428。cpslo17、培矮64含有对籼粳不育系的恢复基因,02428含有对粳稻不育系的恢复基因。三者与BT型不育系的产量配合力都较好,杂种有明显的优势。单株产量主要受单株有效穗数和每穗粒数的影响。 相似文献
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小野1A是由小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta Presl.)中天然不育株与Y58S/内香B杂种后代优秀单株经多代回交转育而成。由于该雄性不育细胞质来自小粒野生稻,称为XY型雄性不育细胞质。恢保关系鉴定结果表明,XY型细胞质雄性不育系与野败型(WA)、印尼水田谷型(ID)、K型和红莲型(HL)细胞质雄性不育系的恢保关系不同,WA型、ID型、K型和HL型的保持系和恢复系中部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的保持系,部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的恢复系。XY型雄性不育细胞质突破了WA型、ID型、K型和HL型等雄性不育细胞质的恢保关系,扩大了保持系育种范围,可以用品质优良的栽培品种培育出高标准优质米不育系。由此可见,XY型雄性不育细胞质的发掘,不仅丰富了杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性,而且为培育高标准优质米不育系、进而实质性提高杂交稻稻米品质开辟了一条崭新的育种途径。 相似文献
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Stamen specification and anther development in rice 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Male reproductive development is a complex biological process which includes the formation of the stamen with differentiated anther tissues, in which microspores/pollens are generated, then anther dehiscence and subsequently pollination. Stamen specification and anther development involve a number of extraordinary events such as meristem transition, cell division and differentiation, cell to cell communication, etc., which need the cooperative interaction of sporophytic and gametophytic genes. The advent of various tools for rice functional gene identification, such as complete genome sequence, genome-wide microarrays, collections of mutants, has greatly facilitated our understanding of mechanisms of rice stamen specification and anther development. Male sterile lines are critical for hybrid rice breeding, therefore understanding these processes will not only contribute greatly to the basic knowledge of crop developmental biology, but also to the development of new varieties for hybrid rice breeding in the future. 相似文献
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农学系作物育种教研组以青春5号为母本,赛洛期为父本,于1975年进行成对杂交,经过多代南繁北育,用系谱法选育而成的春小麦品种“石春一号”,是本院育成的第一个作物新品种,该品种春性,中性;幼苗直立,茎杆粗壮,株型紧凑,耐肥抗倒;分蘖力及成穗率中等。穗大粒多,千粒重稍低;综合抗凉能力较好,蚜虫危害较轻;有一定耐旱、耐瘠及抗干热风的能力;籽粒角质,容重高,蛋白质含量中上,赖氨酸含量较高,本品种属于产量高而稳定的类型,宜在气候较冷凉地区推广。育种实践表明,选择在当地表现优良的亲本进行杂交,是育成新品种的基础;南繁加代是加速春麦育种进程的有效措施;边测产,边选择,边加代,边扩繁是促进品系稳定一致,并及时获得较多原种的可行办法。 相似文献
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【目的】满足市场和生产者对早熟优质糯玉米品种的需要,选育新的糯玉米品种。【方法】2009年秋季开始利用自交系QN331作母本,自交系QN412作父本杂交选育糯玉米单交种,并参加2012年广西春、秋两季糯玉米区域试验。【结果】育成的糯玉米新品种"庆糯1号"具有优质、早熟、高产稳产,糯性高、皮薄、食味佳等特点。"庆糯1号"生育期短,从出苗至采收期,桂南地区春季为74d,秋季为70d,区试品质评价总评分86.25分,比对照高1.25分,居参试糯玉米第1位;两季平均鲜果穗产量11 145.00kg/hm~2,比对照增产8.7%;高抗大斑病,中抗茎腐病,抗逆性高于对照,制种产量高。【结论】"庆糯1号"糯玉米2013年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会品种审定,适合于广西各地推广种植。 相似文献
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A double low homozygous two-type sterile line ZY-2AB, its near-isogenic temporary maintainer line ZY-4, and the full sterile line ZY-3 derived from the cross of ZY-2A with ZY-4, were developed to breed three-line dominant GMS hybrid in Brassica napus. Three years data showed that the ratios of sterile and fertile plants fit the expected 1 : 1 ratio in ZY-2AB, and the 1:0 ratio in ZY-3, respectively. Some double low super hybrid combinations were screened out when the full sterile line ZY-3 was used as female parent, among which the combination 01Z24 increased 36.88 percent more yield than control and the conbination 98Z131 has been passed through the Sichuan Provincial Regional Test and registered in Sichuan Province. Two years data showed that the agronomic performance of the two-line hybrids derived from crosses of ZY-2A with restorer lines versus that of the three-line hybrids produced by ZY-3 was not different for any of the nine most important agronomic characteristics, revealing that near-isogenic line of homozygous two-type line was used as temporary maintainer could effectively avoid the disadvantage of threeway cross hybrid in breeding three-line dominant GMS hybrid. 相似文献
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There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance to the Bt insecticidal crystal protein. From the present crop system of cotton region in the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys, and the expression characteristic of transgenic Bt resistant cotton, we suggest that the resistance to toxin protein in bollworm is not apt to be produced if the transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties are released and grown in the regions except in the Xinjiang cotton region. The managing strategies to delay or retard the resistance are discussed. 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育系“79.7”的遗传及应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对雄性核不育油菜“79.7”作了遗传和应用研究。结果表明,“79.7”雄性不育油菜的不育特性是由两对隐性重叠基因控制的,甘兰型油菜可作它的恢复源。将“79.7”核不育油菜转育成新的低芥、双低及双低黄籽两用系.用低芥两用系组配筛选育成的优质杂交种“蜀杂1号”已在生产上大面积推广使用。 相似文献
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对内蒙古地区部分玉米种质资源籽粒的品质性状与农艺性状的相关性,品质性状间的相关性以及与农艺性状的结合进行了研究。结果表明:①玉米籽粒的蛋白质含量,粗脂肪含量与单株产量存在着极显著的负相关关系,与生育期存在着极显著的正相关关系;②玉米籽粒的蛋白质含量与粗脂肪含量存在着极显著的正相关关系;③玉米籽粒中的总淀粉含量与单株产量存在着显著正相关关系,与粗蛋白含量存在着显著负相关关系;④通过一定的育种途径可以将高蛋白高产、高蛋白矮杆,高蛋白高油、高油高产、高淀粉高产与矮杆早熟等性状结合。 相似文献