普通小麦T型CMS保持系mtDNA基因文库的构建

研究证明，小麦细胞质雄性不育（CytoplasmicMaleSterile，CMS）与mtDNA有密切的关系．因此，构建保持系线粒体DNA的基因文库应该有助于发现“育性”基因，进一步研究细胞质雄性不育的不育机理及创建工程恢复系，推进小麦杂种优势利用的进程．本文以普通小麦（T．aestivum）T型CMS细胞质雄性不育系75－3369A及其保持系75－3369B为材料，构建了保持系线粒体DNA基因文库，并应用保持系线粒体基因文库的部分重组子转化相应不育系，探讨保持系线粒体DNA与育性恢复的关系．线粒体DNA提取于75－3369B的黄化苗，经测定纯度适合于构建基…     

中国水稻农家品种马尾粘败育株细胞质雄性不育系（马…

１９８４年在中国水稻农家品种马尾粘中发现花粉败育型雄性不育株，用协青早选杂和连续回效选育成马协型雄性不育系，对马协不育系的特征特性，开花习性，花粉败育的细胞学特征，细胞质质量，线粒体ＤＮＡ和线粒体ＣＯＤ同工酶等进行比较研究，结果表明，马协雄性不育系是一种新的细胞质雄性不育系，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值，利用马协不育系与明恢６３配组马协６３杂交稻组合具有优质，高产，多抗特点，通过了湖北省和僵杂交稻     

野败型水稻的核质互作与基因差异表达

运用差异展示方法对野败型细胞质雄性不育系珍汕９７Ａ及其相应的保持系珍汕９７Ｂ基因产物进行比较分析,发现这两个核基因组完全相同的品质间约有１０％的基因表达有差异;选取一个差异表达明显的ｃＤＮＡ成员Ｂ１３２进行Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交发现,该基因在保持系中正常表达同源,在不育系中表达受到明显抑制,而在杂种一代中又正常代表达,在恢复系中表达水平也很低,这是一种典型的核质互作现象。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育系小孢子发育过程中的同工酶分析

以新选育出的籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ有其相应保持系马协Ｂ为材料,分别取不育系和保持系处于花粉母细胞形成期、减数分裂４分体时期、单核期、２核期、３核期的花药进行过氧化物酶同工酶、细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳分析及酶活性测定分析。不育系与相应保持系比较发现,不育系过氧化物酶同工酶电泳酶谱带型丰富,酶活性较高;细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳酶电泳酶谱带型较小,酶活性较低。这现象是从单核期花药开始表现,并随发     

小麦不同细胞质雄性不育系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对小麦几种细胞质雄性不育系及同核保持系的萌动胚、单核早期花药、二核——三核期花药的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱进行分析,结果表明:不育系与保持系之间的酶谱差异以萌动胚最小,二核——三核期花药最大,同时,不同细胞质类型及同一细胞质类型的不育系间,酶谱也存在一定差异.     

应用Bulked-DNA寻找白菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育基因的RAPD标记

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记方法从白菜型油菜细胞质不育系与保持系的Bulked-DNA中筛选出3个与白菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育基因连锁的RAPD标记,DNA片段大小约为1300,1000和900bp.与不育基因之间的连锁距离分别为38 cm,24 cm,4 cm,LOD值为0.5,1 9,03.     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育性及其恢复性的遗传

以花粉可育率和自然结实率为指标择红莲型细胞质雄性不育系丛系４１Ａ与其恢复系配制的Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１和ＢＣ２等世代的育性表现进行了调查,结果表明,红莲型细胞质雄性不纱丛广４１Ａ属配子体不育,其不育性受一对隐性核主基因和不育细胞质共同控制,其核不育基因与珍汕９７Ａ不等位。     

水稻马协细胞质雄性不育及其保持系线粒体体外热分析

以新选育出的水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ及其相应保持系协青早为材料,分别从它们黄化苗中提取线粒体。一方面于体外测定线粒体能量代谢谱,进行热化学分析,得到一系列热力学参数和动力学参数,建立起反映线粒体体外能量代谢模式的热动力学方程,通过对不育系和保持系的比较发现,不育系线粒体在能量释放大小,代谢时间,能量代谢阶段的复杂性上明显低于保持系,从而得出不育系线粒本能量代谢水平低,造成供能匮乏从而导致不育;同     

不同细胞质雄性不育小麦中依赖钙／钙调素的蛋白激酶的SDS—PAGE电泳图谱分析

以几种新型细胞质雄性不育型小麦为材料，对分蘖期小麦叶片中的依赖钙/钙调素的蛋白激酶（Ca∧2 /CaM-PK）的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱进行了分析，实验结果表明，不育系与保持系的蛋白激酶酶带之间存在差别，并且不育系之间也有差别，说明不育细胞质对核基因的表达也有影响，这可能与雄性不育有关，而且不育材料中存在潜在优势，可用于选育具有更强优势组合的核质杂种。     

红莲型水稻不育系与保持系线粒体DNA酶切分析

为研究红莲型水稻细胞质雄性不育的分子基础，我们提取纯化了红莲型水稻丛广４１Ａ和丛广４１Ｂ的线粒体ＤＮＡ，采用限制性内切酶酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）方法比较了红莲型不育系和保持系线粒体ＤＮＡ酶切图谱，发现两者之间存在一定的差异，部分支持了细胞质雄性不育与线粒体ＤＮＡ有关的结论。     

小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析

采用AL型细胞质雄性不育系AL18A及保持系18B和恢复系99AR144-1配置杂交组合,利用得到的F1、F2世代以及测交群体aBC1、bBC1和cBC1,对小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传行为进行了分析.结果表明,99AR144-1对AL18A的育性由2对主效核基因控制,F2代育性分离表现为15∶1,2对基因具重叠累加遗传效应;bBC1群体分离偏离3∶1.由此初步认为,AL型细胞质背景可能影响恢复基因通过雌配子正常传递.     

杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中叶绿体的变化

研究了杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中叶绿体数量和结构的变化。     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice byin vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R₁ plants were obtained. All of the 465 R₁ plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R₁ plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F₁ of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F₁ from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R₁ plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F₁ from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R₁ plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

利用广亲和品种提高“三系”杂交稻优势的探讨

对02428、cpslo17、培矮64在三系杂交稻中的利用进行分析,结果表明,亲和力高低依次为cpslo17、培矮64、02428。cpslo17、培矮64含有对籼粳不育系的恢复基因,02428含有对粳稻不育系的恢复基因。三者与BT型不育系的产量配合力都较好,杂种有明显的优势。单株产量主要受单株有效穗数和每穗粒数的影响。     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice by in vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R1 plants were obtained. All of the 465 R1 plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R1 plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F1 of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F1 from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R1 plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F1 from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R1 plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

Mapping the Nuclear Fertility Restorer Gene in Rice with Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism （SSLP）

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a F2 population derived from D62A/Ruby B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for wild abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterility. Three hundred and ninety-seven microsatellite primer pairs which distributed on 12 chromosomes were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM182 located on chromosome 7 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 7, 7.4cM from RM182.     

应用PP333延缓杂交水稻亲本的抽穗期

从1986年至1988年以7个亲本为材料在4个试验点的研究得知:1、在幼穗分化第5或6期施用PP333可延缓水稻抽穗期;2、不育系对PP333的反应较恢复系敏感,3、在0—200ppm浓度范围之内,pp333浓度越高,延缓效果越显著;4、一次施用200ppmpp333可使不育系齐穗期延迟5天,效果比较好,又省药物和人力;5、pp333对千粒重无不良影响,但增加包颈率、减少饱粒数;6、50—100ppm赤霉酸可逆转pp333的延缓效应;7、在生产上,建议根据实际情况,灵活应用赤霉酸和pp333,使花期相遇,提高制种产量.     

分子标记鉴定红莲型细胞质雄性不育杂交水稻组合及其亲本

利用RAPD分子标记对红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL—CMS)杂交水稻组合及其亲本进行了DNA多态性分析。从124个随机引物中筛选出具有非常明显的多态性，且只能扩增出1～5个片段的4个引物能有效地区分和鉴定红莲型(HL)2个杂交水稻组合(粤泰系列，从广系列)的杂种及其亲本。     

Mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using microsatellite markers

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a BC, population derived from Congguang 41A//Miyang 23/Congguang 41B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for Honglian (HL) cytoplasmic male sterility. One hundred and fifty-nine microsatellite primer pairs were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM258 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 10, 7.8cM from RM258. The restorer gene may be clustered on chromosome.