石春一号的育成及其性状分析

农学系作物育种教研组以青春5号为母本,赛洛期为父本,于1975年进行成对杂交,经过多代南繁北育,用系谱法选育而成的春小麦品种“石春一号”,是本院育成的第一个作物新品种,该品种春性,中性;幼苗直立,茎杆粗壮,株型紧凑,耐肥抗倒;分蘖力及成穗率中等。穗大粒多,千粒重稍低;综合抗凉能力较好,蚜虫危害较轻;有一定耐旱、耐瘠及抗干热风的能力;籽粒角质,容重高,蛋白质含量中上,赖氨酸含量较高,本品种属于产量高而稳定的类型,宜在气候较冷凉地区推广。育种实践表明,选择在当地表现优良的亲本进行杂交,是育成新品种的基础;南繁加代是加速春麦育种进程的有效措施;边测产,边选择,边加代,边扩繁是促进品系稳定一致,并及时获得较多原种的可行办法。

Breediing of shichun NO.1 and its character analyses

Pairing crosses with Qingchun No.5 as maternal and siete cerros as paternal were made by Crop Breeding Teaching Group of Agronomy execution in 1975, and spring wheat "Shichun No.l" have been selec-ted and breeded with pedigree method through many generations of pro-pagation in south and breeding in north "Shichun No.1" is first new crop variety developed by our college. This variety has the following characteristics. Springness, medium maturing; erect seedling, thick and strong stem, compact plant-type, tole-rent fertilizer and resistant laying; a mddium tillering ability and ear forming rate, big ears and many seedgrains each ear, slighter thousand grain weight; better comprehensive resistant disease, a light harm of ap-hids; some tolerant to drought, tolerant to barren and resitant dry heat wind; hard grains, high natural weight, upper-medium protein content and higher lysine content. It belongs to high and steady yield type, being fit to be popularized in the cooler district. Breeding practice has proved that carrying out crosses with native excellent parents is the fundament for breeding new varieties, and that the propagation in south and increasing generations is useful method for help speeding up the spring wheat breeding progress. In practise of assessing yield, selecting, increasing generations and enlarging prohagation at the same time breeder opportunely can obtain steady and pure lines and more pedigree seeds.