论文化因素在翻译中的重要性

翻译是两种语码之间的转换,旨在使目的语读者能准确地领会原作的精神。而在语码转换过程中,文化因素起着至关重要的作用。文章从分析源语文化和目的语文化对译作的影响来强调文化因素在翻译中的重要性,以此引起译者在翻译过程中对文化因素的重视,从而使译作能够真正传达原作的精神,尽可能与原作能够完全对等。     

文化预设及其翻译对策

文化预设是沉积于源语及源语读者心中的文化因素,是指导原语读者世界观、生活方式及行为方式的基本准则,这无疑是翻译实践中的一大障碍。本文对文化预设的含义、特点和功能等方面进行了研究,并得出结论：对于源语与目的语的不同的文化预设,译者要采取各种翻译策略以求在译文中最大限度地重构源语文化预设,帮助目的语读者消除阅读中出现的意义真空,建立语义连贯,达到跨文化沟通的目的。     

论中国古典诗歌英译之意形结合

本文通过对中国古典诗歌的译文分析,认为翻译诗歌要意形结合。不仅要把握原作的意象、原作者的本意,还应该注重形式上语言、韵律、风格的使用,尽量与原作保持＂形＂的一致。译者应该在体现原作的范围之内进行创造性的活动,使目的语读者能够读到最接近原作的译作。应尽量避免译作中出现美文之风和译者中的＂意象派＂,使意形结合体现和谐之道。     

翻译的异质与同构

文化异质性在"后"学时代得到充分张扬,而文化固有的同构性在全球化和多元文化语境下也得到凸显。过度彰显文化异质性的译文因其在译入语环境中的诠释困难导致无效翻译;而过度宣扬同构性的译文因其对于译入语环境异质性的考虑不充分,盲目追寻忠实于原著的神话而演变成"改写"。原语文化与译语文化、原作与译作是差异下的平等补充的关系,译文应充分考虑文化的同构异质性,在与原作、原语环境的同构基础上宣扬文化的异质性。     

艺术哲学视域中的基本翻译理论问题探析

从艺术哲学的模仿、创新说与诠释学视角出发,探讨翻译的对等性、译作与原作关系以及译者的作用这些基本的翻译问题,是构建翻译学元理论的一种初步尝试。原语和目的语诸层面的差异以及文本的开放性使得翻译的完全对等性是不可能的。译者在翻译中的作用如同艺术家在艺术创作中一样,必须充分发挥主体能动性和创造力;译者的作用是画师而不是摄影师。译作与原作之关系,犹如艺术作品与自然作品之关系一样。     

文化研究与翻译研究关系评析

在文化全球化的时代背景下,随着文化研究的兴起与流行,翻译研究出现了“文化转向“。翻译研究不再局限于文字的对比,不再局限于原作和译作两个封闭的体系,转向探讨分析译作和原作之间产生差异的社会文化因素。对待翻译的“文化转向“,应采取辩证的态度,本着开放与交流的文化心态,以便更好地从文化研究的视角来进行翻译研究,推动翻译研究的发展。     

文化研究与翻译研究关系评析

在文化全球化的时代背景下，随着文化研究的兴起与流行，翻译研究出现了“文化转向”。翻译研究不再局限于文字的对比，不再局限于原作和译作两个封闭的体系，转向探讨分析译作和原作之间产生差异的社会文化因素。对待翻译的“文化转向”，应采取辩证的态度，本着开放与交流的文化心态，以便更好地从文化研究的视角来进行翻译研究，推动翻译研究的发展。     

语用对比研究在翻译实践中的应甩

语用学对比研究的理论成果对翻译实践具有重要的启示与应用价值.翻译工作者在翻译过程中运用语用学理论涉及到的理解问题和重构问题、语用和文化因素在译文中的处理方法、原作语用意义的传达在译作中的得失等问题都是十分重要的.翻译的主要目的是追求"信",但达到"信"的手段不必追求千篇一律,决定翻译手段和策略的最主要参照标准应当是译者对译文读者的接受环境和译入语语言文化环境的正确评估与认识,以及对源语和译入语之间差异的评估.     

语用对比研究在翻译实践中的应用

语用学对比研究的理论成果对翻译实践具有重要的启示与应用价值。翻译工作者在翻译过程中运用语用学理论涉及到的理解问题和重构问题、语用和文化因素在译文中的处理方法、原作语用意义的传达在译作中的得失等问题都是十分重要的。翻译的主要目的是追求“信”,但达到“信”的手段不必追求千篇一律,决定翻译手段和策略的最主要参照标准应当是译者对译文读者的接受环境和译入语语言文化环境的正确评估与认识,以及对源语和译入语之间差异的评估。     

预设在翻译中的应用

预设是一种复杂的语言现象,具有经济性、有效性、突显性等功能。大部分语言共有的预设可以直译,但具有鲜明文化色彩的、不易于目标语文化接受的要分类待之,这样才有助于透彻理解原文,从而依据具体情况对源语预设信息进行处理。本文就预设的概念、功能及翻译技巧进行了讨论,力求将源语的预设信息通过各种手段在目标语中传达出来,以达到促进跨文化交流的目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.