SWI对脑创伤性轴索损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的诊断价值.方法:对40例临床诊断为DAI病例常规T1WI,T2WI液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列和磁共振弥散加权(DWI)及磁敏感加权(SWI)扫描.结果:SWI可清楚显示31例DAI的颅内异常小出血灶,为点状、条索状、类圆形或串珠状的低信号影,检出率77.5%,分别同常规T1WI,T2WI序列检出率15%,32.5%(χ2=31.43,P=0.01,χ2=16.36,P=0.01),同FLAIR序列检出率50%,DWI序列57.5%(χ2=6.54,P0.05,χ2=3.65,P0.05).结论:SWI能非常敏感地检出外伤后弥漫性轴索损伤患者的脑内小出血灶,对弥漫性轴索损伤有很高的诊断价值.     

磁共振磁敏感加权成像在脑血管性疾病及脑损伤中的临床应用

目的：探讨磁敏感加权成像（SWI）在诊断脑血管性疾病及脑损伤中的临床应用价值.方法：18例脑血管性疾病、11例脑损伤患者行1.5T磁共振检查,扫描常规T1WI、T2WI、T2FLAIR、DWI及SWI,脑血管疾病患者中5例行增强扫描,分析比较SWI与其它序列在显示病变中的优势与不足.结果：SWI能清晰显示18例脑血管性疾病、11例脑损伤中的出血灶,病变范围、边缘及边界的显示都较其它常规序列清晰.结论：SWI能够提供比常规MRI更加详细的信息,有助于显示静脉的解剖结构、隐蔽性血管疾病、出血、脑部损伤.     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的磁敏感加权成像表现

目的：探讨脑弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的SWI表现和诊断价值.方法：回顾性分析临床确诊的90例DAI患者,均行常规T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR和DWI及SWI扫描.结果：SWI在90例DAI患者中,能够发现常规MRI不能显示的微灶性出血,明显提高病灶的检出率.结论 ：SWI序列能够清晰显示DAI患者出血灶的部位和数目,能够准确反映创伤的严重程度,为DAI的诊断、治疗和评估预后提供有价值的信息.     

磁敏感加权成像在静脉窦血栓诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析经MRI或CTV检查确诊静脉窦血栓形成的24例患者,其中16例行MRI检查,12例行MRV检查,14例行SWI检查。结果 SWI检查中均可以显示静脉窦血栓的引流静脉,发生栓塞的血管管径增宽,相对于常规MRI及CTV检查,更能区分静脉窦内是否存在先天性管腔狭窄等发育异常。结论 SWI相对于常规MRI序列和CTV检查,能更好地检出静脉窦血栓及其引流静脉的扩张情况,特别是皮层静脉及静脉梗死后出血灶的检出。     

快速液体衰减反转回复序列技术在脑梗死诊？…

目的探讨快速液体衰减反转回复序列(FASTFLAIR)技术原理及其对脑梗死的诊断价 值。方法对71例脑梗死患者进行FASTFLAIR序列及常规快速自旋回波(FSE)序列扫描，FAST FLAIR序列与FSE序列T2加权像(丁2WI)比较。结果在71例脑梗死病例中，FASTFLAIR像显示病 灶210个，T2WI像显示150个。FASTFLAIR像显示病灶较T2WI像清楚明确。结论FASTFLAIR序 列对脑梗死病灶的显示优于FSET2加权序列，特别是对脑表面或脑室周围病灶的显示，应作为常 规FSE序列的重要补充。     

多器官功能衰竭综合征死亡影响因素的综合分析

目的：了解多器官功能衰竭的影响因素,早期干预,预防其发生和发展,降低多器官功能衰竭的发生和死亡。方法：回顾性调查2003年1月至2008年1月进入兰州大学第二医院儿科PICU的132例多器官功能衰竭的病人。分析多器官功能衰竭死亡与性别、年龄、WBC、PLT、CRP、血糖、FGB、DD、器官衰竭数的关系。结果：男女之间死亡率（x2=0.300,P=0.584）,死亡率随着器官衰竭数的增加而升高（x2=33.186,P=0.000）;死亡组白细胞高于存活组（t=-2.813,P=0.006）;死亡组C反应蛋白明显高于存活组（t=-4.59,P=0.000）;死亡组血糖明显高于存活组（t=-4.695,P=0.000）;存活组纤维蛋白原明显高于死亡组（t=3.736,P=0.000）;存活组D-二聚体明显高于死亡组（t=-7.872,P=0.000）,差异均有统计学意义。存活与死亡组血小板差异无统计学意义（t=-0.439,P=0.662）;各年龄组死亡率差异没有统计学意义（x2=2.397,P=0.494）;随着白细胞数的增加死亡率明显升高（x2=8.308,P=0.016）;随着血小板的降低,死亡率升高（x2=20.32,P=0.000）;随着CRP值的增加,死亡率明显升高（x2=32.954,P=0.000）;血糖〈3.6mmol/L和血糖〉20mmol/L死亡率明显高于其他组（x2=27.066,P=0.000）;随着纤维蛋白原的降低,死亡率明显升高（x2=20.379,P=0.000）;随着D-二聚体的升高,死亡率明显升高（x2=40.072,P=0.000）;差异均有统计学意义。结论：在危重症时要严密观察白细胞数,CRP值,D-二聚体值,防止低血糖和高血糖,早期干预,避免器官衰竭数增加,对降低多器官功能衰竭的死亡率有重要意义。     

核磁共振对急性脑梗死与颅脑血管狭窄程度的相关性分析

利用磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)联合磁共振血管成像(MRA)分析大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死患者梗死程度与脑血管狭窄程度的相关性。收集2016年1月至2018年3月上海市嘉定区中医医院收治疑似脑梗死且发病在72h以内的99例患者,全部行CT脑部血管造影检查,然后实施核磁共振常规(MRI)成像,弥散加权(DWI)成像及脑血管(MRA)成像检查。对每位脑梗死患者的梗死范围予以计算。并且对大脑中动脉狭窄程度进行评估,计算出MRA对大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率及血管狭窄程度的符合率,分析大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死与脑血管狭窄程度,两者之间的相关性。核磁共振血管成像(MRA)对大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死诊断的特异度为90.48%(19/21)、灵敏度为94.87%(74/78)、准确率为93.94%(93/99)。对大脑中动脉狭窄程度符合率计算分别是:轻度狭窄90.91%、中度狭窄92.31%、重度狭窄93.75%、血管闭塞85.71%,与CTA诊断结果之间一致性良好,(K值≥0.75)。DWI能够明确急性脑梗死患者病变位置以及范围,而MRA则显示病变部位血管狭窄程度,两者之间存在密切关系。     

经腹部与经阴道超声检查对宫外孕的临床鉴别诊断价值

对宫外孕早期经腹部和阴道2种超声检查结果进行了比较分析。采用彩色多普勒显像仪,对100例病例术前均分别先后作腹部超声和阴道超声检查。100例宫外孕中,经腹部超声扫查出58例,诊断符合率为58.0%;经阴道超声检出86例,诊断符合率为86.0%,经阴道超声检查对宫外孕的诊断正确率与经腹部超声检查的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.379,P〈0.05）。阴道超声诊断宫外孕有明显优越性,阴道超声分辨率高,图像显示比腹部超声更清晰,而且不受腹壁及肠管的影响,能清晰分辨出卵巢回声及包块轮廓,对输卵管妊娠包块的显示率明显高于腹部超声。     

3.0T MR表观弥散系数对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度的评估

目的:探讨3.0T MR测定表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值评估慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)所致肝脏纤维化(liver fibrosis,LF)程度的价值.方法:选取经肝脏穿刺活检确诊的CHB肝纤维化患者47例(其中S1期10例,S2期10例,S3期14例,S4期13例),经临床及影像学确诊的肝硬化患者(S5)14例及健康正常人(S0)10例,进行3.0T MR弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)检查;测量肝脏ADC值并计算其平均值.分析各组间ADC值的差异及其与LF程度、炎症程度的相关性;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析ADC值评估LF程度的能力.结果:LF程度与ADC值呈负性相关(R~2=0.859,P=0.000),组间ADC值均有统计学差异(F=40.868,P0.001),组内相互比较:S0与S2、S3、S4、S5之间,S1与S2、S3、S4、S5之间,S2与S0、S1、S3、S4、S5之间,S3与S0、S1、S2、S5之间,S4与S0、S1、S2之间,S5与S0、S1、S2、S3之间,组间具有统计学差异(P0.05).S0、S1+S2(轻度LF)、S3+S4(重度LF)、S5组间差异有统计学意义(F=49.215,P0.001),组内两两比较,均有统计学差异(P均0.05).ROC曲线显示ADC值预测LF(S≥1,S≥3,S=5)有统计学意义(P=0.000);以ADC≤1.229诊断S≥1的敏感性为91.7%、特异性为88.5%,以ADC≤1.109诊断S≥3的敏感性为96.9%、特异性为90.2%,以ADC≤1.034诊断S=5的敏感性为81.4%、特异性为85.7%.结论:无创、简便的DWI检查测量肝脏ADC值,可为临床评估CHB肝纤维化的程度提供重要依据.     

癌胚抗原对直结肠偶发高代谢灶良恶性判断

探讨肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)测定对~(18)F-FDG PET/CT发现直结肠FDG局灶性高代谢灶癌变判断的临床价值。回顾性分析56例意外探测到结直肠局灶性高摄取灶病例,同时行血清CEA测定,将肠镜及病理结果作为标准分组。各组血清CEA水平数据汇总后行单因素方差分析及计算血清CEA水平测定的诊断效率。结果表明:56例结肠局灶性高代谢病灶中,结肠镜及病理检查出结肠癌及腺瘤共43例,阳性预测值(PPV)为76.8%;其中直结肠癌26例,腺瘤17例,其余13例(23.2%)为炎性及生理性改变。结肠癌组、腺瘤组及良性病变组(炎性和生理性摄取)的血清CEA水平分别为(15.0±17.1)μg/mL,(2.23±0.96)μg/mL,(2.51±0.90)μg/mL,恶性病变组与腺瘤组及正常组之间具有显著性差异,F=8.277,P=0.001。结肠癌组与癌前病变组及生理及炎性组之间P值分别为0.001和0.001。血清CEA水平探测局灶性浓聚灶结肠癌变的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为:84.6%、83%和83.9%。说明~(18)F-FDG PET/CT偶然发现结肠局灶性高摄取病灶中癌前病变和恶性病变阳性率很高,血清CEA水平对局灶性直结肠偶发FDG浓聚灶的恶变诊断具有高的诊断价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to