电控汽油机多点喷射系统及喷油器的选择

电控汽油喷射已被广泛应用于电控汽车中。简述了电控喷射系统的原理及喷射类型，并对电控汽油多点喷射系统及喷油器的选择做了分析与探讨。     

“电控汽油机多点燃油喷射系统”通过部级鉴定

我校车辆工程学院发动机教研室孙业保副教授带领的课题组与西安昆仑机械厂、上海电控研究所等单位共同开发研制的“汽油机电子控制多点汽油喷射系统”于1992年5月通过了由中国北方总公司主持的技术鉴定,鉴定委员会是由清华大学宋镜瀛教授等著名专家组成。     

复合燃烧技术在缸内直喷汽油机的应用探讨

汽车技术诞生的百余年中,发动机作为核心一直在不断突破,但其技术更新远不如车型风格演变那样简便,往往十数年都难以有大的进展,就好像一些车型引以为豪的VVT可变正时气门技术,其实也已经是上世纪的产物。而近年来,欧美的汽油缸内直喷技术开始从实验室走向市场,由此带来的发动机第三次革命也诞生了迄今最牛的汽油发动机技术——缸内直喷。文中介绍了缸内直喷汽油机的性能特点、提出了燃烧理论空燃比的复合喷射燃烧技术,运用了废气再循环(EGR)分层技术。复合喷射通过稳压腔辅助喷射燃油和缸内直接喷射燃油,使缸内形成准均质混合气,以满足各种工况下缸内直喷汽油机对混合气的要求。     

电控汽油喷射发动机常见故障的分析方法

对电控汽油喷射发动机常见故障的分析是当前汽车维修人员的一大难题。根据电控发动机故障的特点和规律性,本文将电控汽油喷射发动机常见故障分为四种类型,并就其故障类型提出了相应的故障分析方法。     

小型风冷汽油发电机组燃油喷射特性

为了适应日益严格的排放法规,在小型风冷发电机组上采用电控燃油喷射技术是一种有效的手段.介绍了小型风冷汽油发电机组的特点,对电控燃油喷射测试系统及相关软硬件进行了设计,通过实验测量了喷油器的喷射特性,挑选出适合小型风冷汽油发电机组的喷油器.     

降低电控喷射汽油燃油消耗率及NOx排放的研究

在一台单缸电控燃油喷射汽油机上,采用排气再循环（EGR）及提高压缩比的方法来改善汽油机在化学计量比下运行时的经济性,降低其NOx、（NOx HC）的排放,结果表明,当压缩比ε提高到10、并优化进气涡流比和排气再循环率后,汽油机的平均比油耗下降了2.54%,NOx的平均排放体积分数下降了54.8%,（NOx HC）的平均排放体积分数下降了43.24%,放热规律的计算表明,汽油机的燃烧过程有较大的改善。     

浅谈电控柴油机和电控汽油机的差异

汽油机是靠高压电火花点燃汽油的;而柴油机是柴油遇到受到高压而温度急剧升高的空气后自燃的。本文结合笔者在乌鲁木齐各4S店实训过程当中的实际工作经验,通过比较电控柴油机和电控汽油机的工作原理的异同,有效的总结到了几个电控柴油机的工作特点。     

单燃料天然气发动机控制系统设计与试验研究

以单缸汽油机为对象,研制了天然气发动机单燃料电控喷射系统,进行了发动机供气系统设计、点火系统改进、空燃比优化、电控系统研制及发动机控制参数匹配试验等研究工作,试验结果表明,采用天然气电控缸内直喷技术可有效提高发动机的充气效率,使天然气发动机的功率基本恢复到原汽油机的水平。     

降低电控喷射汽油机燃油消耗率及NO_x排放的研究

在一台单缸电控燃油喷射汽油机上 ,采用排气再循环 (EGR)及提高压缩比的方法来改善汽油机在化学计量比下运行时的经济性 ,降低其NOx、(NOx HC)的排放 .结果表明 ,当压缩比ε提高到 10、并优化进气涡流比和排气再循环率后 ,汽油机的平均比油耗下降了 2 5 4 % ,NOx 的平均排放体积分数下降了 5 4 8% ,(NOx HC)的平均排放体积分数下降了 4 3 2 4 % .放热规律的计算表明 ,汽油机的燃烧过程有较大的改善     

电控发动机常见故障及排除方法研究

电控汽油喷射发动机是装有电脑、传感器、执行元件的智能控制发动机。它可以精确控制空燃比,使燃烧充分,显著减少排气污染。同时,由于发动机工作稳定性得到加强,从而降低了噪音。由于节省燃油,低排放,采用这种电控气油喷射系统的比重越来越大。1990年,美国、德国和日本各大公司生产的轿车中采用电控汽油喷射系统的比例已经达到了90%、85%和60%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.