过渡元素V、Cr、Fe、Co在贮氢合金TiMnM中的作用机理

利用电荷自洽离散变分Xa(SCC-DV-Xa)方法计算了TiMn2、TiMnM(M=V、Cr、Fe、Co)及其氢化物的电子结构,给出了TiMn2、TiMnM(M=V、Cr、Fe、Co)氢化物电荷等密度分布及TiMn2、TiMnFeH吸氢前后H1s、Mn3p、Ti3p、Fe3p轨道的分波态密度,并从中分析了电子结构对吸氢性能的影响.结果表明 :加入Cr和V取代Mn之后,其与Mn的亲和力相差较大,TiMn2氢压平台曲线变陡加入Fe、Co取代Mn之后,其与Mn的亲和力较接近,其氢压平台曲线就较平,在TiMnCrH和TiMnVH中,H原子与Mn原子与的成键作用强于其与替代元素之间的相互作用;替代元素3p轨道成键峰的减弱是合金滞后效应减小的主要特征;加入V使合金晶胞体积增大,这是V的加入能降低贮氢合金的平台压力的原因.     

替代元素影响Mg2Ni合金吸放氢动力学性能研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的平面波赝势（PW—PP）方法,计算Mg2NixM（1-x）（0〈x≤1）合金及氢化物Mg2Ni0.75M0.25H4（M=Ni,Cu,Mn）的晶体结构,生成焓和电子结构,研究替代元素（Cu,Mn）对Mg2Ni氢化物稳定性的影响。Cu,Mn取代使合金晶胞体积变大,合金晶胞体积的大小跟取代原子半径大小成正比,随着合金晶胞体积的增大,氢化物有不稳定的倾向。元素替代可以有效降低氢化物生成焓绝对值的大小,使得氢化物的稳定性降低,其中Cu元素的效果是最明显的。氢化物中H—Ni的相互作用强度是决定氢化物稳定性的主要因素,替代元素正是通过减弱H—Ni键强来改善合金的吸放氢动力学性能。     

Mo部分替代Ti对V_(40)Ti_(50)Fe_(10)合金储氢性能的影响

为了考察Mo部分替代Ti对高容量V_(40)Ti_(50)Fe_(10)合金储氢性能的影响,采用电弧熔炼制备了V_(40)Ti_(50-x)Mo_xFe_(10)(x=0～30)合金,系统地研究了该系列合金的结构和储氢性能随Mo替代Ti含量的变化规律,并探讨合金储氢容量的衰退机制。研究表明:该系列合金均由主相体心立方(BCC)固溶体和少量的C14型Laves第2相组成;Mo取代Ti并未改变合金的主相结构,但Laves第2相的含量明显降低,合金整体均匀性增加;随着Mo含量的增加,BCC相的晶胞体积逐渐减小,合金的放氢量总体呈现下降趋势但中间出现波动状态,而放氢平台压则持续上升;在这一系列合金中,V_(40)Ti_(40)Mo_(10)Fe_(10)合金的储氢性能较优,具有相对宽泛且平坦的放氢压力平台,可逆储氢量较高,且室温下吸放氢过程均可在5 min内完成。循环测试表明,合金氢化物在吸放氢过程中会形成难以活化的TiFe相,导致合金出现成分分离,影响合金的稳定性,从而造成储氢容量衰退。     

替代元素对ZrMn2合金及其氢化物电子结构的影晌

采用基于密度泛函的赝势平面波方法,计算Zr4Mn6M2(M=Al,Co,Fe,Mn,V)及其氢化物的电子结构,并分析了成键特性。结果表明,Zr4Mn6M2(M=Al,Co,Fe,Mn,V)中晶胞参数值(a、c值),及其相应氢化物的稳定性都随替代元素M的3d轨道电荷占据数的增加而减小。加Co后Zr4Mn6Co2H12中H分别与Co,Mn的相互作用增强,成键更加稳定,可延长合金的循环寿命,并使平台氢压更趋平坦。加V可使合金氢化物中Mn(2)-H间相互作用减弱,因而加V可以减小吸放氢滞后效应,并有效降低平台氢压。     

球磨改性处理对Ti9.6Cr11V75.4Fe4合金储氢性能的影响

系统研究了机械球磨改性处理时间(t=0,1,2,4,8 h)对Ti9.6Cr11V75.4Fe4合金相结构和储氢性能的影响.XRD及扫描电镜分析表明,Ti9.6Cr11V75.4Fe4合金在球磨前后均为体心立方结构的固溶体单相,随着球磨时间的增加,合金的晶胞体积略微减小,合金颗粒逐渐细化并发生团聚.储氢性能测试表明,球磨改性处理能有效地改善合金的活化性能,随着球磨时间的增加,合金的室温可逆有效储氢量先增加后降低.其中,当球磨时间为2 h时,合金具有最佳的综合储氢性能,其室温最大吸氢量(质量分数)为3.7%,可逆有效储氢量(质量分数)为2.23%.     

替代元素对储氢合金ZrMn2电子结构的影响

利用电荷离散变分Xα(SCC-DV-Xα)方法计算ZrMnM(M=Mn、Co、V、Fe)及其氢化物的电子结构，分析替代元素M电子结构变化对吸氢性能的影响。结果表明，替代元素M的3d电子变化是影响ZrMnM合金储氢性能的主要原因之一，替代元素3p轨道的电荷占据数可作为比较ZrMnM氢化物稳定性的依据。     

含合金元素Υ－Fe晶胞价电子结构及其对相变过程的影响

利用固体与分子经验电子理论，对奥氏体中含合金元素Υ—Fe晶胞的价电子结构进行了计算分析．结果表明，合金元素溶入Υ—Fe晶胞后，其价电子结构发生了较大变化，Fe原子杂化态向较高杂阶迁移，其相结构因子均有不同程度的增加．同时晶胞内形成了由强键组成的八面体结构，阻碍了原子的移动，使得Υ—Fe晶胞在相变过程中产生“类拖曳效应”，提高过冷奥氏体的稳定性，亦会延缓马氏体相变的进程．     

Ti,Nb和Zr掺杂对Ca(BH_4)_2·2NH_3储氢性能的影响

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了掺杂元素Ti,Nb和Zr取代Ca原子后对Ca(BH4)2·2NH3储氢性能的影响.通过计算体系的晶体结构、占位能、态密度及电子密度拓扑性质,分析了原子间的成键情况和结构稳定性.结果表明:Ti,Nb,Zr分别取代Ca(BH4)2·2NH3中的Ca原子,Ti取代最容易形成稳定结构,Zr次之,Nb最难形成.Ca(BH4)2·2NH3结构中,B—H,N—H键都以共价作用为主,且N—H键比B—H键作用强.掺杂原子取代后改变BH4基团的稳定性,同时掺杂原子对N作用增强,减弱NH3分子释放对脱氢的影响.Nb原子取代对B—H影响最大,最能改善Ca(BH4)2·2NH3体系的脱氢性能,使H更易脱去.     

四元镧系吸氢合金的制备与性质研究

用共沉淀还原扩散法成功地制备了新的镧系吸氢合金ＬａＮｉ４Ｃｕ１－ｘＭｎｘ（ｘ＝０．２５，０．５，０．７５），对合金进行了ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、吸氢测试和热力学研究，结果表明，这些合金易活化，吸氢容量较高，其氢化物的稳定性与合金的晶胞体积之间存在线性关系，这种关系对预测氢化物稳定性有一定的指导意义。     

Al晶界中Ti杂质效应的第一性原理计算

基于局域密度泛函理论,对AlΣ9倾侧晶界中掺杂Ti后超晶胞原子和电子结构的变化用第一性原理的赝势方法进行了模拟计算,进而研究了Ti偏析对Al晶界的影响。计算结果表明,与纯Al晶界相比,引入杂质Ti后,超晶胞的晶界略有膨胀,晶界处的电子密度明显增加,Ti原子与Al原子间形成了较强的具有共价—金属混合性质的化学键,其脆化机制可归于"bond mobility model"。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.