基于交互式多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池荷电状态估计

为了提高传统卡尔曼滤波法估计锂电池荷电状态(SOC)的精度,在锂电池二阶RC等效电路模型基础上,根据隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)理论并采用遗传算法优化构造出了不同参数状态的电池模型。结合交互式多模型(IMM)算法与无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法进行SOC估计,提出了一种基于HMM的IMM-UKF算法估计锂电池SOC的方法。锂电池在线SOC估计实验表明,该方法比较其他估计方法有着更高的估计精度,平均绝对误差仅为1%。     

基于奇异值分解无迹卡尔曼滤波的锂电池荷电状态估计

锂电池的荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)是电池管理系统(battery management system, BMS)对锂电池进行管理的重要指标。针对传统SOC估计方法存在的精度低、计算复杂和鲁棒性差等问题,本文提出了一种基于奇异值分解无迹卡尔曼滤波(singular value decomposition unscented Kalman filter, SVD-UKF)的SOC估计方法。该方法利用无迹变换(unscented transformation,UT)提高了计算精度的同时降低了计算量,并且克服了UKF在状态协方差矩阵P非半正定时会出现滤波发散的缺点,提高了算法的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法能够快速收敛于真值,并且将估算误差降低至1%。     

基于改进粒子滤波算法的动力锂离子电池荷电状态估计

传统电池荷电状态(SOC)估计中常用的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)方法仅适用于线性系统和高斯条件,虽然粒子滤波(PF)算法能用于非线性和非高斯系统,但PF算法在滤波更新时存在粒子退化现象,使粒子集无法表示实际后验概率分布,导致估计精度降低.采用改进的扩展粒子滤波(EPF)和无迹粒子滤波(UPF)算法对电池SOC进行估计,抑制了粒子权重退化.以Thevenin模型对电池进行建模,利用带遗忘因子的最小二乘方法进行模型参数辨识,结合改进后的滤波算法对电池SOC进行估计.实验结果表明,以UKF为建议密度函数进行重采样的UPF方法平均估计误差为0.71%,低于以EKF为建议密度函数的EPF方法平均误差(1.09%),两种方法的估计误差均小于PF估计误差(1.36%),有效抑制了粒子权重退化.     

无迹卡尔曼滤波对锂电池荷电状态估算的研究

由于动力锂电池参数具有受外界干扰影响大、电池模型非线性的特点,现有的荷电状态(SOC)估算方法并不能完全满足精度和实时性的需要。在综合考虑模型的精确性和实际工程计算复杂程度后,提出使用经验公式模型,在模型的基础上采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法对电池SOC进行估算。通过对比动力锂电池放电实验得到的数据,检验算法估算效果。实验结果表明:UKF算法能够准确跟踪动力锂电池放电变化情况,对动力锂电池SOC的估算误差在2%左右,相比于传统算法在精度上有较大的提高。     

基于FFRLS-AUKF的锂电池参数在线辨识及SOC估计

针对锂电池模型参数辨识不准确以及传统无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)无法对噪声进行实时更新,从而导致锂电池荷电状态(SOC)估计误差偏大的问题,提出遗忘因子递推最小二乘法-自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(FFRLS-AUKF)算法。先利用遗忘因子递推最小二乘法(FFRLS)对电池二阶RC等效电路模型进行在线参数辨识,再将所辨识的各参数传给由UKF和改进的Sage-Husa算法结合得到的AUKF,从而完成对锂电池的SOC估计,并将其与FFRLS-UKF以及离线UKF所估计的结果相比较。从对SOC估计的误差曲线和平均绝对误差以及均方根误差的数值上对比,均可得出FFRLS-AUKF的精度更高,稳定性更好。     

基于多新息卡尔曼滤波算法的锂电池SOC估计

针对锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)较难准确获取的问题,依据锂电池等效电路模型,建立起各参数与SOC的联系,利用脉冲放电的数据对模型进行参数辨识.通过Mat-lab/Simulink验证了模型的正确性和精确性.将扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)融合多新息理论,建立了多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(MIEKF)估计电池SOC的方法,该方法通过对旧信息的重复使用提高了EKF的估计精度.在美国城市道路循环工况(UDDS)下分别采用EKF和MIEKF算法来估计锂电池SOC,两者估计的最大误差分别为0.0176、0.0087.实验数据表明MIEKF算法估计电池SOC更准确.     

基于传感器网络的分布式生化气体源参数测定算法

针对生化气体源参数测定问题,提出了一种基于传感网络的分布式贝叶斯迭代估计算法,该算法在给定气体物理分布扩散模型条件下,通过传感器节点获取气体浓度,并基于分布式扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）和无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）实现气体源的坐标定位和释放率估计.通过仿真实验对两种分布式算法进行性能分析,结果表明,UKF算法在参数估计成功率和参数估计误差两个方面均要好于EKF算法,分别可以提高约50%和70%,其收敛速度快,使用节点少,更有助于节省网络能量消耗,并延长其生存周期.     

改进的PNGV模型估算全钒液流电池荷电状态

针对全钒液流电池(VRB)充放电时,循环泵产生的支路电流对荷电状态(SOC)估算有影响的问题,提出了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的全钒液流电池SOC估算方法。通过改进的新一代车辆伙伴关系(PNGV)等效电路模型,在考虑了电池堆极化、支路电流分流和温度对电池内阻影响的情况下,建立了VRB仿真模型。采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法对电池SOC分别进行估算,并与试验测量值进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:UKF算法比EKF算法更接近试验测量值,其估算误差不超过±0.02。     

锂离子电池荷电状态预测方法研究

针对电动汽车锂离子动力电池组能量管理中的荷电状态(SOC)预测问题,提出一种根据SOC及电流(SOC-I)计算库仑效率的方法,并建立电池SOC、充放电电流及充放电库仑效率的关系.以无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法为基础,采用自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(AUKF)算法预测电池SOC,并将提出的库仑效率计算方法与UKF算法相结合构造了SOC-I-AUKF算法,该算法在预测过程中不断调整库仑效率、系统噪声协方差以及量测噪声协方差,以实现系统状态最优化预测.实验结果表明,SOC-I-AUKF算法有较好的SOC预测效果,与UKF算法相比,其SOC预测绝对误差、相对误差和平均误差水平都有显著提高.     

一种变参数模型平方根UKF锂离子电池SOC估计方法

荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)估计是现代电池管理系统的一个重要方面.扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)等基于锂电池的戴维南等效模型的方法已被广泛用于SOC估计,但其在雅可比矩阵的推导和线性化精度等方面存在不足.提出了基于变参数模型的平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(square root unscented Kalman filter,SRUKF)方法估算SOC,该方法不需要对非线性模型进行线性化,同时平方根特性改善了状态协方差的数值性质.变参数模型是在2阶戴维南等效模型的基础上令锂电池的各项参数随电量变化而得到的,减小了因固定参数模型无法反映不同电量下参数变化造成的误差.实验验证了该方法的有效性,与现有的SOC估计方法EKF、常规的UKF以及使用固定参数模型的估计结果进行了比较,该方法的误差明显小于其他3种方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.