吸附与超滤法深度处理城市污水试验研究

采用活性炭吸附法和超滤法，对城市污水厂二级出水进行了深度处理试验研究．试验结果表明，粒状活性炭对污水中溶解性有机物有较好的去除效果，当允许出水CODcr为15mg／L以下、炭层厚度为2m、滤速为3m／h、5m／h和7m／h时，吨水用炭量基本在0．2kg／m^3．超滤对水中浊度去除率在95％以上．超滤膜清洗采用洗涤剂配制的清洗液及质量分数为5％的H2SO4.4％的NaOH溶液清洗，膜通量可得到较好的恢复     

小型污水回用系统的优化运行

针对混凝沉淀—砂滤—活性炭过滤—超滤的处理工艺,通过药费(混凝刑费用和超滤膜清洗的药剂费用)、沉淀池排泥费、过滤反冲洗费和水泵的提升费用确定目标函数值,即系统的运行费用.并在四种不同的投药量下,针对不同浊度的原水,对该污水回用系统的优化运行进行研究.试验结果表明,在达到优化运行工况之前,小型污水回用系统优化运行的目标函数主要取决于排泥周期和反洗周期的长短,因为它直接影响着运行费用中的水价;当系统达到优化运行以后,决定目标函数的是药剂费用.目标函数开始呈现平缓的增长趋势.     

超滤膜处理含油污水后污垢的清洗

超滤装置在处理含油污水时，浓差极化与凝胶层同时存在，凝胶层一旦形成，便大大超过浓差极化的作用．此时单用传统的清洗方法难以恢复膜的透水通量．在油田污水站用管式超滤膜组件对采油污水进行了处理，分析了膜面污染的组成，试验了油—酸—碱、碱—酸—碱、碱洗等清洗方法．针对中型管式超滤膜组件，确定了低压大流量冲洗结合化学清洗的清洗步骤．该法具有清洗操作简单，清洗剂各成分较易得到的优点．实验中所用管式膜组件经用上述方法清洗后，水通量可以得到较大程度甚至完全的恢复．     

商业洗衣废水处理与回用工程设计

通过分析洗衣公司的各种废水水质特点，选择清洗废水和脱水废水作为处理原水．在混凝沉淀试验基础上，确定了混凝剂的种类和用景．废水通过混凝沉淀一过滤组合工岂的处理，处理后的废水水质达到了回用水质标准，能满足洗衣初级用水的要求，节约了大量新鲜水和可观的资金，具有较好的经济和环境效益．     

高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用去除水中微量有机污染物

研究了高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用对水源水微量有机污染物的去除效果,以CODMn和剩余苯酚浓度为检测指标,考察高锰酸钾对苯酚的氧化去除效果.以GC-MS分析和Ames试验为检测手段,考察了水源水经高锰酸钾和颗粒活性炭联用处理后,水中有机物的去除效果.结果表明,高锰酸钾对苯酚有较好的去除效果,实际水源水在高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用处理后,水中有机物大部分被去除,水源水的致突变活性有明显降低.     

聚硅铁短时混凝过滤应急工艺及效果

为保证污染的快速有效处理，基于聚硅铁(PSF)的优异混凝效果及其絮体的快速沉淀性能，以模拟生活污水为试验水样，对短时混凝沉淀工艺(短时工艺)的絮凝和沉淀时间等参数的选择及其对过滤的影响进行研究，对比研究聚硅铁和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在混凝过滤的短时和常规工艺下的去除效果，并利用扫描电镜对其絮体进行分析，最后观察短时工艺对于实际生活污水的处理效果。结果表明，在混凝沉淀试验中，絮凝2 min、沉淀3 min时的PSF短时工艺就能达到与常规工艺较为接近的污染物去除水平。投加量为0.162 mmol/L时，浊度和COD_Cr平均去除差异率分别为0.59%和11.5%。在过滤试验中，短时PSF工艺的滤后水水质稳定，平均COD_Cr去除率达到85.53%,比PAC短时工艺高了7.16%。扫描电镜图片表明短时PSF工艺的絮体比PAC絮体结构紧凑，颗粒粒径大，具有更好的絮凝沉淀效果。在处理实际生活污水的试验中，投加量达到0.162 mmol/L时，PSF短时工艺对于浊度和COD_Cr的去除效果比PAC短时工艺分别高了27.88%和11.11%。     

河道底泥陶粒对生活污水中NH3-N的深度处理试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池用自制河道底泥陶粒对生活污水进行深度处理试验，同时用对照陶粒和活性炭进行对比试验，结果表明底泥陶粒滤料在生活污水深度处理中对NH3-N的去除效果较好，运行稳定，说明自制河道底泥陶粒可以作为水处理滤料用于曝气生物滤池中。     

采油污水反渗透淡化预处理试验研究

为了验证"生化—絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤"作为油田采油污水反渗透淡化处理的预处理工艺的可行性,试验考察了处理工艺对降低污水含油量、COD、浊度等指标的效果.试验结果表明:当生化处理停留时间为10 h时,生化出水含油量、COD分别由处理前的30～60 mg/L和314～464mg/L下降到处理后的0.5～2.0 mg/L和86～122 mg/L.生化出水再经絮凝—双介质过滤—超滤工艺处理后,出水含油量小于0.5 mg/L,浊度小于0.2NTU,SDI值小于3.0,达到反渗透进水要求,且生化出水絮凝处理可以改善超滤膜运行状况.     

微波技术在生活污水深度处理中的应用

应用微波能污水处理技术对兰州石化公司污水处理厂的生活污水进行深度处理,处理后的污水返厂回用。通过研究影响生活污水深度处理装置稳定高效运行的因素,即微波发生器的开启台数、药剂投加量及沉降过滤一体机的排泥频次。结果表明,根据来水量调节微波发生器开启台数;控制混凝池1^#pH在10.5-11.5,混凝池3^#pH在7.0-7.5;沉降过滤一体机每4h排泥一次,能够有效提高装置的运行效果,处理后的生活污水COD平均含量为18.5mg/L,平均去除率为58.7%,SS平均含量为10.2mg/L,平均去除率为63.3%,水质完全满足回用要求,为兰州石化公司的节能减排工作的顺利开展提供了可靠保障。     

超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的试验

目的研究超滤-反渗透组合工艺深度处理肉类加工废水的效果及工艺参数,保证出水能够达到满足企业内的冲洗圈栏、运输车、空调补水,提高肉类加工废水的循环利用率.方法以某肉类加工公司污水处理站的出水为试验用水,设计并建立过滤-超滤-反渗透组合工艺小试,通过间断运行并定期清洗的方法研究该工艺对COD、T-P、硬度等处理效果,并通过收集产水及浓水量计算产水率.结果超滤-反渗透工艺处理后的出水指标COD、T-P和硬度的质量浓度分别为6.2 mg/L,0.13 mg/L和6.15 mg/L,去除率分别达到了90%,95%,99%,产水率达到35%,可达到回用标准.结论超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理肉类加工废水能够取得良好的效果,出水可以用于企业内部的直流冷却水、锅炉补水、屠宰车间清洗(包括圈栏冲洗、淋洗等)等,并且通过增加反透膜的段数和级数可进一步提高产水率以达到较好的经济效益.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with