基于粗集理论的医学诊断规则提取方法

讨论了医学诊断的知识获取问题，基于粗集理论提出了完整的知识获取方法，包括连续信息系统的离散化，信息系统约简、决策规则提取，决策模型生成等，以十二指肠溃疡为例，讨论了知识处理的过程，为人工智能技术在医学诊断领域的应用提供了新的思路。     

An Intelligent Design of Electron Lens System

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Dealing with Human Relations in Chinese Systems Practice

This paper is about the Wuli, Shili, Renli (WSR) systems methodology. An important concept within this, Renli, has been developed from Confucian philosophy to clarify to Chinese researchers the necessity of dealing with human relations in systems practice. At present, the only formal means of operationalizing Renli that people are exploring in China is to import from the West methods for organizing debate. However, the concept of Renli suggests that more is needed than methods alone. In particular, facilitation skills are required. It is argued that the development of facilitation skills can be enhanced if researchers can gain both theoretical and practical knowledge of group dynamics, and engage in activities of self-reflection to look at, and alter, their own roles in these dynamics and the wider sociopolitical system. There are therefore three aspects to Renli: the use of systems methods for organizing debate, the acquisition of facilitation skills, and self-reflection geared toward the development of facilitation skills and enhanced critical awareness of the politics of intervention.     

Monitoring of Policy Implementation: Convergent Mobile and Fixed Technologies as Emergent Enablers

Based on the viable system model (VSM), a system viability refers to the capability of a system to exist and maintain its sustainability within an environment. In this framework, monitoring function supports the gathering of relevant information directly from the operating units and feeding them into the formal control function. In turn, the control function uses the information to produce reports for the higher level functions of intelligence and policymaking, which later utilise these information for their decision making. Given its role, monitoring function supports the viability of a system, especially in large-scale policy-based system. However, studies on the functions of a system monitoring are generally lacking, leading to the lack of understanding on how to conduct monitoring in a viable system implementation. The objectives of this study are a) to discuss the role of monitoring in a viable system framework, and b) to conceptualize the function of monitoring within a policy-based system that is enabled by technologies. To achieve these objectives, this study reviews the literature on monitoring (in relation to VSM framework), on research process in general, as well as on technology adoption. This conceptual exploration generates an emergent viable system model that can guide future researchers in conducting an action research of monitoring function implementation.     

Epistemology and Logistics: A Critical Overview

Epistemology is about acquiring knowledge and understanding. Building on the concept of epistemology, described and elaborated on, the focus of this paper is on philosophical reflection on the methodological underpinnings of logistics. A conceptual framework is outlined to analyze methodological assumptions underlying a scientific inquiry. Use of the framework is demonstrated by presenting and analyzing earlier works from within the area of logistics. Based on these analyses, it is concluded that logistics from an epistemological point of view is under change and in motion. Formerly, logistics was building heavily on objectivist methodological suppositions and positivist theory of knowledge was dominating. Although the positivist tradition still has a strong position in the area, it cannot be neglected that new logistics epistemologies are emerging and evolving, bringing new scientific approaches to logistics. It is argued that the new perspectives are closer to a more interpretive conception of social theory and subjectivist methodological suppositions. However, it is also argued that there are still theoretical perspectives on organizations, notably streams of complexity theories, not yet being adopted within the area of logistics. Such theories could, if adopted, change logistics organizations in the future. Neglecting to challenge the epistemology, of a discipline may result in an obsolete paradigm. The idea behind the paper is, therefore, that by challenging the underpinning meta theoretical assumptions, and by reflecting upon them, a more holistic and multidisciplinary approach to logistics improvement will be achieved.     

The enterprise design framework meets the system for systems methodologies

In the first part of the paper a framework is outlined which models organisational process from a learning perspective. This framework is known as the Enterprise Design Framework (EDF) and it was developed over a number of years to support work in the area of general management consultancy. The EDF is then computed with the system for systems methodologies. The complementarity of the two models is discussed and ways are identified in which each suggests refinements to the other. The use of the refined EDF is illustrated by applying it to a number of issues relevant to the systems community.     

Integrated knowledge-based modeling and its application for classification problems

Knowledge discovery from data directly can hardly avoid the fact that it is biased towards the collected experimental data, whereas, expert systems are always baffled with the manual knowledge acquisition bottleneck. So it is believable that integrating the knowledge embedded in data and those possessed by experts can lead to a superior modeling approach. Aiming at the classification problems, a novel integrated knowledge-based modeling methodology, oriented by experts and driven by data, is proposed. It starts from experts identifying modeling parameters, and then the input space is partitioned followed by fuzzification. Afterwards, single rules are generated and then aggregated to form a rule base, on which a fuzzy inference mechanism is proposed. The experts are allowed to make necessary changes on the rule base to improve the model accuracy. A real-world application, welding fault diagnosis, is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.     

基于知识的仿真模型的验证方法

仿真模型的验证研究的是模型的可信度问题。由于模型验证需要关于真实系统,建模理论以及数据分析等多方面的知识,基于知识的智能化方法适合于仿真模型的自动验证。这类方法是建立在三个知识库的基础上的:存储验证相关知识的验证知识库(VKB),用于智能推理和决策的决策知识库(DKB),以及由各类验证算法所构成的验证技术库(VTB)。通过分析验证知识库的验证域,系统选择合理的验证技术和相关的验证过程。在此基础上,系统自动设计仿真实验,获得运行结果,并自动分析数据,执行验证过程,生成验证报告。此外,我们也讨论了验证相关知识的获取过程和细节。     

知识库存对SNS企业知识社区中E-Learning知识获取的影响

SNS (social network service, SNS)企业知识社区的认知、应用以及研究都处于起步阶段. 本文研究目的是通过构建E-Learning知识获取过程计算模型, 结合实验仿真, 研究知识库存对SNS企业知识社区中E-Learning知识获取关键因素的影响. 首先, 识别SNS企业知识社区中E-Learning知识获取的关键因素,包括知识获取目标、知识获取基础和知识获取绩效; 接着, 基于知识获取关键因素, 应用多主体建模思想, 建立E-Learning知识获取的计算模型; 第三, 进行实验仿真, 以知识需求为驱动, 研究微观层面上的个体E-Learning知识获取行为经过知识交互后涌现出来的宏观特点. 研究结果有助于企业关注知识库存对SNS企业知识社区中E-Learning知识获取的影响, 采取适当策略实现企业E-Learning目标.     

A Critical Systems Approach to Elicit User-Centric Business Intelligence Business Requirements

This paper describes an action research study where the researcher developed and tested an alternative business requirements elicitation approach that enables reflection on business intelligence business requirements from a social/organisational perspective and, accordingly, surfaces user-centric requirements that support development of systems that are technically good and effectuate organisational improvement. It is based on critical systems heuristics, a framework that facilitates participative discourse to surface contributing and consequential factors of a planned social system, i.e. relevant sources of motivation; expertise; inflicting and controlling boundaries; and sources of moral and political justification acting as guardians for all that will be impacted upon by the adjusted social reality caused by the new system. Such an approach is valuable to developers of business intelligence systems; it complements traditional requirements gathering approaches. Present-day organisations require efficacious decision-making capabilities to succeed—business intelligence systems enable efficacious decisions. However, business intelligence systems often fail, at great expenses to organisations. They fail due to social/organisational infeasibility, rather than technical insufficiency; they fail when developers lack adequate understanding of users’ business requirements. Appropriate business requirement specifications entail more than definitions of functional, non-functional and technical attributes of new systems. Business requirements must also capture the social/organisational context of a system, i.e. the impact that it will inevitably have on users and the organisational environment, so as to ensure that it ultimately bring about improvement. The approach developed in this study enables elicitation of user-centric business requirements.

     

基于管理视角的服务设计问题的研究综述与展望

服务设计是一项高风险和高投入的活动.在复杂、多变和不确定的市场环境中,如何利用科学的理论和方法来设计服务产品,在合理利用服务资源的基础上保证服务质量,是服务企业获得竞争优势的关键之一.通过对服务设计现有文献的梳理和回顾,首先分析了服务设计的相关概念和外延;然后基于管理视角,从服务模式、服务内容、服务流程、服务系统等几个方面对服务设计领域的相关文献进行了综述;最后,对新信息技术环境下的服务设计研究方向进行了展望.     

关系契合对知识迁移与突破性创新绩效的影响研究

企业内外部关系产生的知识对突破性创新绩效具有十分重要的影响, 本文通过文献研究提出相关理论假设, 运用结构方程模型对关系契合、知识迁移与突破新绩效之间的关系进行实证研究. 结果表明, 社会资本契合和关系资本契合对知识迁移均有显著正向影响; 而人力资本相关度与结构资本相关度对知识迁移的影响不显著, 但关系资本契合与人力资本相关度交互作用对知识迁移却有显著正向影响; 知识迁移对突破性创新绩效的两个维度均有不同程度地正向影响, 其中对过程创新绩效维影响更显著. 研究结论可为企业有效实施知识管理, 进而提升突破性创新绩效提供借鉴和启示.     

Critical considerations in the development of systems thinking and practice

This paper is concerned with the development of ‘Systems Thinking.’ In particular, it considers and critiques ‘traditional Systems Thinking’ within the framework of Critical Systems Thinking. Before embarking on such a venture it is necessary to derive a base context from which to develop argument and analysis. Therefore the outline of this paper is as follows: A contextual setting for Systems Thinking, Theoretical Considerations, Soft Systems Thinking and Methodology, and A Critical Systems Thinking (CST) approach. The account of the development of Systems Thinking is followed by a synopsis of a theoretical framework for Systems Thinking which will allow us to gain an understanding of contemporary views. The paper then goes on to review SSM and CST in order to provide a platform for a critique of traditional forms of Systems Thinking. The final section briefly discusses the applicability of CST to the ‘real-world’ context by outlining some current studies being undertaken by the author.     

Storying Systems: Managing Everyday Flux Using Mode 2 Soft Systems Methodology

This paper examines work with managers who used a narrative approach to systemic thinking. Storytelling is incorporated within Mode 2 SSM involving a flexible approach to the analysis of complex or "messy" situations at work. Mode 2 SSM is presented as a thinking mode by those within the problem situation, involving the use of various devices of rich pictures, relevant systems, and root definitions, whereby managers and others may make sense of their experiences from within the flux of everyday life. The focus of the approach is learning through reflection on events and activities to consider potential actions and improvements in difficult situations. The findings show the initial difficulty and disappointment of learning to deal with complexity and the unexpected but how quickly the "gain outweighs the pain," as managers learned to attune themselves to the flux of situations, to identify how to work with flows and energies more creatively, and to become conscious of what was happening on the edge of awareness.     

基于不完全信息的商机挖掘的最优停止模型

研究了决策者面对一个重要的商业机会，在掌握不完全信息的情况下，该做出怎样的理性决策才能使企业的期望获利最大或期望损失最小的问题．把商机挖掘看作是一个时间离散、状态连续的马尔柯夫过程，利用信息量与决策不确定性之间的对比关系，建立起动态决策过程的最优停止模型，并给出商机挖掘的最优停止规则．最后给出一个应用案例．     

Modeling and forecasting of stock markets under a system adaptation framework

This paper adopts the concept of dynamic feedback systems to model the behavior of financial markets,or more specifically,the stock market from a dynamic system point of view.Based on a feedback adaptation scheme,the authors model the movement of a stock market index within a framework that is composed of an internal dynamic model and an adaptive filter.The output-error model is adopted as the internal model whereas the adaptive filter is a time-varying state space model with instrumental variables.Its input-output behavior,and internal as well as external forces are then identified.Special attention has also been paid to the recent financial crisis by examining the movement of Dow Jones Industrial Average(DJIA) as an example to illustrate the advantage of the proposed framework.Supported by time-varying causality tests,five influential factors from economic and sentiment aspects are introduced as the input of this framework.Testing results show that the proposed framework has a much better prediction performance than the existing methods,especially in complicated economic situations.An application of this framework is also presented with focuses on forecasting the turning periods of the market trend.Realizing that a market trend is about to change when the external force begins to exhibit clear patterns in its frequency responses,the authors develop a set of rules to recognize this kind of clear patterns.These rules work well for stock indexes from US, China and Singapore.     

采用面向对象模糊Petri网的侦察平台Agent建模

为适应侦察平台Agent中各种知识的分类及知识动态更新过程的需求,采用一种自下而上的面向对象的模糊Petri网建模方法,不仅考虑处理中的侦察平台Agent推理规则,而且更注重其结构、子系统及相互通信方式.在分析侦察平台Agent模型及其知识推理系统的基础上,研究了面向对象的模糊Petri网建模的理论、建模步骤及示例.示例演示证实了模型的可行性与有效性.     

The business team standard: A means of improving the effectiveness of individual businesses in a multibusiness corporation

The paper describes a project carried out within a major chemicals corporation to improve the performance of the individual businesses. This was to be done by clarifying some of the organisational uncertainties in its structure and improving the way that specialists form coalitions to address market challenges together. The approach used was based on “systems thinking”, which is an intellectual framework of knowledge that attempts to view organisations as wholes and which studies the processes of change in any part in the context of the whole organisation. Some of the important concepts of systems thinking are explored as they might be applied within a business organisation. Specifically the tool used was the Viable System Model of Stafford Beer, which the authors interpreted and developed into a set of statements (“a Standard”) which describe best practice in such organisations. Managers have used this to explore possible gaps in their organisations and, with this understanding, find ways to improve performance.