改进的阶梯电压方法研究LSM-YSZ阴极的极化活化

改进的阶梯电压测试方法用来测试用LSM-YSZ作为阴极的NiO-YSZ阳极支撑SOFC的性能,从电池开路电压开始测试,电压台阶为0.1 V,在每一个电压台阶保持的时间为30 min,在OCV-1V结束测试.对每一个电压台阶的电流密度和功率密度曲线进行线性拟合,拟合曲线的斜率表示了在此电位下电流通过电池时对电池的活化作用.选择电池在OCV-0.7 V恒压条件活化电池,通过10 h活化后,电池在700 ℃的最大功率密度由活化前的184 mW/cm^2提高到326 mV/cm^2.     

电解质支持型固体氧化物燃料电池的制备及其工作稳定性

利用固相反应法制备固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC)的复合阳极材料NiO-ScSZ和复合阴极材料（La_0.8Sr_0.2）_0.98MnO₃(LSM), 并对组装的电解质支持型单电池NiO-ScSZ-LSM进行I V性能测试, 其输出电压每0.2 A为0.9 V. 在外加恒定电流密度(0.2 A/cm²)的条件下, 利用电化学测试仪测试该电池的总电压为每1 000 h衰减0.02 V. 电流遮断法解析表明, 该单电池电压衰减主要为阴极过电压所致.     

无膜生物阴极微生物燃料电池处理生活污水

将微生物燃料电池与传统厌氧/好氧生物处理工艺相结合,设计了一种新型的无膜生物阴极微生物燃料电池,在处理生活污水同时回收电能.研究了不同水力停留时间、不同曝气方式下系统的产电性能和污水处理效果.结果表明,系统稳定运行后,开路电压最高达0.337 V,稳定输出电压0.305 V,反应器内阻为358 Ω,最大功率密度为77.6 mW/m3.在连续进水,8、12、16、24 h的停留时间下,COD去除率均达80％以上;在较高的停留时间下,氨氮去除较好.从能耗和处理效果兼顾的角度,可以采用16 h水力停留时间、45 min间歇曝气方式下运行.     

一种金属复合氧化物为催化剂的空气电极的研究

以一种金属复合氧化物为催化剂,以活性炭为载体,制备了空气电极.采用三电极体系测试了空气电极的阴极稳态极化曲线和200 mA/cm2电流密度下连续放电曲线.结果表明,在ω(NaOH)=30%的溶液、300 mA/cm2电流密度下,氧还原的过电位仅0.180 V;200 mA/cm2的电流密度下放电,寿命可长达6 000多小时.用此种空气电极作为阴极,可以大幅度提高锌-空气电池和铝-空气电池的电压.     

微生物燃料电池的热力学研究

主要从热力学方面研究微生物燃料电池的特性.研究发现:微生物燃料电池中葡萄糖的氧化是一个放热的熵增反应,能够自发进行.在标准状态条件下,最大发电量为2840kJ/mol;可逆电压为1.227V,其中阴极反应的可逆电压为1.229V,阳极反应的可逆电压为-0.002V.在压强不变的条件下,可逆电压与温度成线性变化关系,但变化幅度不大;在温度不变的条件下,压强与可逆电压无关;浓度对可逆电压的影响由能斯特方程来描述.     

铜掺杂非晶纳米氢氧化镍的制备及性能

以柠檬酸三钠为络合剂,采用络合反应快速冷冻沉淀法制备出铜掺杂氢氧化镍超细粉体样品材料,采用XRD、TEM和TG-DSC对其结构进行表征,并测试其电化学性能。实验结果表明,样品材料粉体近似为球形,粒径为50nm左右,热分解反应温度较低(269.4℃)且含较多的结晶水。充放电结果表明,当Cu的掺杂量为5%时,样品电极在恒流80mA/g下充电6h,40mA/g放电,终止电压为1.0V时,放电电压稳定于1.260V的时间较长,开路电位为1.462V,放电比容量可达362.976mA.h/g,且循环充放电性能较好。     

不同细胞密度和脉冲电压对鸡红血细胞融合率的影响

以公鸡红血细胞为材料,研究了不同的细胞密度、成串脉冲电压强度、频率和时间及融合脉冲电压强度、宽度和次数等因素对细胞电融合率的影响,结果显示:成串脉冲电压频率在1.0MHZ ,融合脉冲电压场强为130 0V/cm时,细胞密度为1.6×10 5/mL融合效果最好,融合率可达75 .4 2 % .固定融合脉冲电压强度在12 0 0V/cm ,成串脉冲电压在110～12 0V/cm时,融合率在80 %以上,不同电压下的融合率之间差异显著     

隔膜电解法预处理高浓度乙醛废水的研究

采用隔膜电解法对高浓度乙醛废水进行处理,对影响降解效果的几种因素进行了研究.实验结果表明,电压为6V,温度为10℃,流速为10L/h的操作条件下,采用隔膜电解法电解1h后乙醛的去除率可达59.12%,为后续生化处理提供了有利条件.     

低电压、低功耗CMOS基准电压源的设计

为了有效降低模拟集成电路的功耗,提高工艺兼容性,文中提出了一种全CMOS结构的低电压、低功耗基准电压源的设计方法.该方法基于工作在亚阈值区的MOS管,利用PTAT电流源与微功耗运算放大器构成负反馈系统以提高电源电压抑制比.仿真结果表明:在1.0V的电源电压下,输出基准电压为609.mV,温度系数为46×10-6/K,静态工作电流仅为1.23μA;在1.0～5.0V的电源电压变化范围内,电压灵敏度为130μV/V,低频电源电压抑制比为74.0dB.由于使用了无寄生双极型晶体管的全CMOS结构,该电路具有良好的CMOS工艺兼容性.     

Pharmacia电泳脱色仪的透析作用

利用Pharmacia电泳脱色仪研究了不同浓度的(NH_4)_2SO_4和酶在电场下或离子吸附剂存在下的透析平衡。结果表明10 mL 4 mol/L(NH_4)_2SO_4在12 V电压下,3 h即可达到透析平衡,10mL 1 mol/L(NH_4)_2SO_4在36 V电压下2 h内即可达到透析平衡,在不加电压仅加入离子吸附剂条件下,不同浓度的(NH_4)_2SO_4也可以在2～3 h内达到平衡,而在电场存在下,对天冬氨酸酶和糖化酶进行透析,酶活力不损失。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.