BSD-钼黄颜料

铬黄和镉黄是当今国内外广泛使用的无机黄颜料,但它们因含有铅、镉、铬等元素而具有毒性.出于保护环境的考虑,国内外日益重视不含这些元素的无毒无机黄颜料的研制.我校化学系工化教研室在钨钼综合利用的研究课题中,开展了一种新型BSD-钼黄无机颜料的研制工作,并且取得了成功. BSD-钼黄颜料不仅不含上述毒性元素,而且具有铬黄、镉黄的使用性能.通过组成和合成工艺条件的选择,可以制成由正黄到柠檬黄色的系列产品.它的主要性能指标如下:     

蓝色无机颜料的研制

这种蓝色无机颜料是以分子筛作为原料,再与其它物质混合后加以煅烧而成。 蓝色无机颜料,色泽鲜艳,化学稳定性好工艺简单,容易生产。     

西安理工大学曲江校区西汉壁画墓颜料分析研究

目的为了科学分析西安理工大学曲江校区内发现西汉壁画墓颜料的组成和进一步探讨汉代壁画彩绘颜料使用状况与秦代、唐代颜料的关系。方法采用粉末偏光显微法、剖面观察、激光拉曼光谱法、能量色散X射线荧光光谱法对彩绘颜料进行了分析。结果壁画颜料的成分:红色为朱砂,白色为以高岭土为主要成分的白土,绿色为石绿,紫色为中国紫和中国蓝,蓝色为石青,黄色为钒铅矿。结论汉代壁画墓中使用的颜料均为矿物颜料,这些颜料因为性质稳定、材料易得,在汉唐时期的壁画制作中均有沿用,其中紫色颜料为中国蓝、中国紫,在汉代以后的壁画中尚未发现,可能与原料与工艺的变化等因素有关。黄色钒铅矿仅在秦俑彩绘颜料中有所发现,应与陕西当地矿产有关。     

Zn2+掺杂CaCu3Ti4O12的颜色及近红外反射性能

文中采用固相法制备了一种具有较高近红外反射特性的新型无机颜料CaCu_((3-x))Zn_xTi_4O_(12).用XRD、色差仪和紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计等对产物的结构、颜色和反射特性进行研究.结果表明,随着取代程度的增加,晶体的结构由单相变为多相.随着Zn~(2+)离子掺杂量增加(x=0.0～0.6),黄色度从22.35增加到29.62,近红外反射比从52.3%增加到62.3%.CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)和CaCu_(2.4)Zn_(0.6)Ti_4O_(12)颜料涂层的近红外反射比分别为46.4%和55.2%,该颜料还具有良好的化学稳定性和热稳定性.这些事实表明CaCu_((3-x))Zn_xTi_4O_(12)颜料在冷涂层中有着很大的应用潜力.     

矿化剂H_3BO_3对黑色颜料SrFeO_3合成温度与性能的影响

采用传统的固相合成法制备了一种新型无毒黑色无机颜料SrFeO_3,通过热重-示差扫描量热仪、X-射线衍射仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和Color CIE 1976 L~*a~*b~*色度分析软件等对所制备的粉末样品进行了综合分析。研究了矿化剂H_3BO_3对颜料样品合成温度及光学性能的影响,同时也对颜料样品的热稳定性及化学稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,这种SrFeO_3粉体作为颜料在涂料领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

导电珠光颜料浅析

导电珠光颜料是在片状云母或云母钛的表面包覆一层或几层半导体金属氧化物,如掺锑二氧化锡SnO2-Sb2O3(antimony-doped tin oxide,简称ATO),而制得的浅色导电颜料。导电珠光颜料具有稳定性高,耐腐蚀性好,产品颜色浅,导电性能好等优点,展现出了不同于传统珠光颜料的特殊的抗静电性和屏蔽电磁辐射与干扰的性能,是一种新型无机纳米功能材料,有较广阔的应用前景。本文探讨了导电珠光颜料的导电机理和ATO与基质的复合机理,介绍了导电珠光颜料的几种制备方法,如共沉淀法、均相沉淀法、微乳液法、金属醇盐水解法等。     

Fe~(3+)掺杂Cr_2O_3黑色颜料的制备及其近红外反射性能研究

采用传统的固相合成法制备了一系列Cr2-xFexO3(x=0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2,1.5和1.8)的近红外反射无机颜料。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、Color CIE 1976 L*a*b*色度分析软件和热重-示差扫描量热仪(TG-DSC)等对颜料样品的结构、近红外反射特性、颜色及热稳定性等进行了测试表征。结果表明:所合成的颜料样品均为刚玉型结构。Fe3+掺杂的颜料具有高的近红外反射率,随着掺杂量的增加,近红外反射率呈现先增加后略微减小的趋势,在700~2 500 nm波段平均近红外反射率最高达到了85%。合成的颜料样品具有很好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。所以,此种Cr2-xFexO3粉体作为"冷"颜料在建筑涂料上具有广阔的应用前景。     

共沉淀法制备Co0．5Zn0．5AlxCr2-xO4纳米钴颜料

以金属盐为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了尖晶石结构的纳米钴绿颜料Co0.5Zn0.5AlxCr2-xO4(X=0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6)及复合型钴蓝颜料Co0.5Zn0.5Al2O4,.实验所得颜料粒度均匀、粒径小、分散性好、颜色鲜亮.采用XRD.TG-DTA,FT-IR,SEM等测试技术对粉体的形成、形貌及粒径进行了研究.     

BSD-钼绿颜料

色光鲜艳的绿色无机颜料是我国最缺乏的无机彩色颜料品种之一.主要的无机绿颜料是钻绿和铬绿两种,但是由于它们色暗而没能在涂料中得到广泛应用.正是因为缺乏合用的无机绿色颜料,所以当前在建筑涂料上需要的许多绿色涂料或是采用铬黄加酞菁蓝拼色或采用酞菁绿等有机绿色颜料.众所周知,这些有机颜料的耐晒性能总达不到无机颜料的高度,并且成本也高.     

无机美术大理石生产工艺

近年来,市场上出现了各种有机和无机大理石,如一种无机工艺大理石是以高铝石泥、石英砂、颜料粉、水和硅酸钠等无机物质为主面料,用高铝水泥、河砂、水作为加固层放入玻璃模板内自然养护成型。这种工艺生产的大理石,原料来源丰富,价格低,但长时间使用后容易变色,大块大理石板容易变形,强度和表面的光亮度也有待提高。 本发明对面料和加固层成分进行了调整,并对养护工艺进行严格控制,使产品的各项物     

彩色沥青混合料的设计及路用性能的影响因素

为了分析胶结料、颜料对彩色沥青混合料路用性能的影响,基于4组分(基础油、树脂、脱色剂、改性剂)的原材料,掺入不同颜色(红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色)的无机颜料,制备出4种彩色胶结料Cb-a、Cb-b、Cb-c、Cb-d,提出料粉比概念,设计出4种彩色沥青混合料CAM-A、CAM-B、CAM-C、CAM-D.通过车辙试验、弯曲蠕变试验、浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验,分别对4种彩色沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性进行评价.试验表明:4种颜色下的彩色沥青混合料性能指标均满足技术要求.颜料的加入对彩色沥青混合料的高温性能、水稳定性有提高作用,对低温性能提升幅度不明显,可通过改善胶结料的软化点、延度、黏度等指标,合理选择颜料的系列及其粒径大小来提高彩色沥青混合料的路用性能.     

Absorption spectra of human cone pigments.

Human colour vision is mediated by three light-sensitive pigments, each found in a different cone-cell type. The absorption spectra of the human cone pigments have been sought for over a century using techniques such as psychophysical colour matching, reflection densitometry, electroretinography, single-cell action spectra and, most directly, microspectrophotometry. We report here a direct determination of the human cone pigment photobleaching difference absorption spectra after the production of each cone pigment apoprotein in tissue culture cells transfected with the corresponding complementary DNA clones. The mean values for the wavelength of maximal absorption are 426 nm for the blue pigment, 530 nm for the green pigment, and 552 nm and 557 nm for two polymorphic variants of the red pigment.     

Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching.

Genetic variation of human senses within the normal range probably exists but usually cannot be investigated in detail for lack of appropriate methods. The study of subtle perceptual differences in red-green colour vision is feasible since both photopigment genotypes and psychophysical phenotypes can be assessed by sophisticated techniques. Red-green colour vision in humans is mediated by two different visual pigments: red (long-wavelength sensitive) and green (middle-wavelength sensitive). The apoproteins of these highly homologous photopigments are encoded by genes on the X chromosome. Colour matches of males with normal colour vision fall into two main groups that appear to be transmitted by X-linked inheritance. This difference in colour matching is likely to reflect small variations in the absorption maxima of visual pigments, suggesting the presence of two common variants of the red and/or green visual pigments that differ in spectral positioning. We report that a common single amino-acid polymorphism (62% Ser, 38% Ala) at residue 180 of the X-linked red visual pigment explains the finding of two major groups in the distribution of colour matching among males with normal colour vision.     

云母氧化铁珠光颜料的研究

讨论了利用钛白副产硫酸亚铁为原料制备云母氧化铁珠光颜料的生产方法,分析了云母氧化铁珠光颜料的生色机理,介绍了云母氧化铁的用途和前景、以及国内外研究现状与动态．     

用离心法代替浮选提纯镜铁矿制备氧化铁红色素

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation. An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained. A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined. Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment. Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues. Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking. High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.     

Purification of specularite by centrifugation instead of flotation to produce iron oxide red pigment

This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.     

颜料的表面改性对UV固化材料性能的影响

不同的颜料有着不同的吸收 UV(紫外光 )特性 ,从而影响到含有颜料涂层的固化性能 ,直接后果就是降低固化速率。研究表明 :针对不同的颜料 ,筛选不同的改性剂 ,改变颜料对UV的吸收特性 ,是可行的 ,可以提高含颜料的 UV固化材料的固化速率。不同的颜料对改性剂的种类和用量要求有所不同 ,颜料的改性效果取决于各种影响因素的共同作用结果     

The relationship of a prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica to green chloroplasts

It is generally accepted that chloroplasts arose from one or more endosymbiotic events between an ancestral cyanobacterium and a eukaryote. Such an origin fits well in the case of the chloroplasts of rhodophytes that, like cyanobacteria, contain chlorophyll a and phycobilin pigments. The green chloroplasts from higher plants, green algae, and euglenoids however, contain chlorophyll b as well as chlorophyll a, and lack phycobilins. Consequently, it has been suggested that they arose independently of the rhodophyte chloroplasts, from an ancestral prokaryote containing that complement of pigments. The 'prochlorophytes' Prochloron didemni (an exosymbiont on didemnid ascidians) and Prochlorothrix hollandica (a recently discovered, free-living, filamentous form) have been suggested to be modern counterparts of the ancestor of the green chloroplasts because they are prokaryotes that also contain both chlorophylls a and b, and lack phycobilins. We report here a 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis of P. hollandica. The organism is found to fall within the cyanobacterial line of descent, as do the green chloroplasts, but it is not a specific relative of green chloroplasts. Thus, similar pigment compositions do not necessarily reflect close evolutionary relationships.     

用页岩代替粘土配料烧制熟料的探讨

随着我国耕地面积日益减少,水泥工业用粘土原料资源日趋枯竭,寻求一种能替代粘土的水泥生产原料已是当务之急。本文探讨了用粘土质页岩代替粘土进行配料烧制水泥熟料的工业性试验结果。研究表明,用页岩配制生料,可以大幅度提高磨机台时产量,降低吨生料的综合电耗和热耗,而且提高了熟料早期强度,同时提出了通过掺入硅质校正原料来提高熟料后期强度的措施。