烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

微机在罗兰A定位仪中的应用

本文讨论了针对我国沿海情况如何依据罗兰A测得的时差求出经纬度及海区信息,并对运算过程精度的提高提出了一些见解.最后讨论了全自动罗兰A定位仪的实现及会遇到的困难.     

塑料生物分解的研究进展

本文综述了水解酶、氧化还原酶对通用高分子材料的生物分解性,并在综述高分子物性(化学结构、分子量、熔点等)与分解性关系的基础上,介绍了具有生物分解性的一些合成高分子材料。     

条形码结构浅析

本文对条形码(简称条码)的一般结构及几种不同类型条码的特殊结构进行了剖析,结果表明:①条形码事实上就是一种可印制的机器语言;②各类条码的一般结构基本相同;③各类条码内部结构随码制而异;④条码信息表示的内容随应用领域而异。     

五阶段加工硬化理论

分析了金属塑性变形过程中,位错增殖、螺型位错交滑移和刃型位错攀移过程,建立了包括五个加工硬化阶段的位错理论模型。利用计算机,在不同的变形条件下,对理论模型进行了计算,计算结果和实验结果相当吻合。     

二茂铁及其衍生物在分析中的应用Ⅲ——二茂铁阳离子紫外分光光度法测定食品中微量铁

本文研究了二茂铁阳离子的紫外吸收光谱并用于食品样品中微量铁的测定.选氯仿做溶剂兼萃取剂,lN盐酸做介质.在选定的操作条件下,试剂二茂铁与Fe~(3-)发生氧化还原反应,产生的二茂铁阳离子转入水相.测其紫外吸收光谱,λ_(?)=250nm. ε=4.8×10~3.Fe~(3-)含量在0～6ppm范围内符合比尔定律. 本法用于食品样品中铁的测定,与邻菲罗啉法对照,结果是满意的.对于铁含量在1～15mg/100g的试样,误差不大于3％,相对标准偏差在5％以内.     

尼龙66原料的工业开发动向

本文是一篇对尼龙66原料的工业开发动向的文献综述。着重介绍了由苯经由环已烯制备环已醇的工艺条件以及与传统方法的技术经济比较。此外,还介绍了以非苯原料制备己二酸、己二胺的开发情况和市场动向。     

聚丙酰胺富集─液珠萃取目视比色法测定矿石中微量金

本文拟定了一种快速测定矿石中微量金的方法。该法用聚丙酰胺分离富集金，丙酮；０．３％盐酸（１０：１，Ｖ／Ｖ）洗脱，用ＴＭＫ－ＴＢＰ液珠萃取目视比色法测定。试样分析结果表明，本法简单，快速，且灵敏度较高。     

事物转化的数学模型

本文通过模糊集合,对哲学中的质量互变律,差异统一律以及中介普遍存在律进行阐述。用自然语言和数学语言的有机结合来进行描述,借助模糊数学的抽象代替单纯语言的冗琐叙述,辩证法理论的描述一定会更清楚,更易理解.     

水平反复荷载作用下双层空心墙体抗震性能的试验研究

本文通过十四片具有不同构造措施的双层空心墙体和两片实心砖墙体试件的周期反复加载试验,研究了双层空心墙体在水平周期反复荷载作用下的基本性能,分析和比较了具有不同构造措施的双层空心墙体的破坏机理,滞回性能、廷性等.分析了双层空心墙体的开裂荷载、极限荷载、变形等,并且提出了有关双层空心墙体的设计建议.     

土壤重金属Cd胁迫对大蒜和大豆幼苗生长的影响

研究了Cd污染胁迫对大蒜和大豆生长状况的影响.研究结果表明:中高浓度Cd对两种农作物根系长度影响差异并不显著且根系长度与土壤中Cd处理浓度均呈明显的负对数相关性,表明大蒜和大豆对Cd均具有较高的抗性.从两种农作物的生长高度和根系的干重生物量对Cd胁迫反应来看,大蒜对Cd污染胁迫的反应比大豆要敏感.大蒜叶片干重及大豆根系鲜重对Cd处理浓度的反应进一步证实了这一结论,这可能与两种植物对Cd的抗性机制有所差异有关.