合成2—二甲胺甲基环己酮的新工艺

了新型镇痛药盐酸曲马多的重要中间体2－二甲胺甲基环己酮的合成。通过正交实验，找到了最佳反应条件。最佳反应条件为：环己酮、聚甲醛、二甲胺盐酸盐配料摩尔比为2：1：1，反应温度95℃，反应时间2．5h，收率为74．1％，并通过红外光谱、核磁共振光谱对产品进行了定性分析。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,以环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,通过正交实验法,较系统地研究了合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的影响因素.实验表明:固定环己酮物质的量为0.2mol,在n (环己酮)∶ n (乙二醇) = 1∶ 1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.6%,带水剂环己烷20mL,反应时间60min的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达78.9%.     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成环己酮-乙二醇缩酮

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,环己酮与乙二醇经缩合反应合成了环己酮-乙二醇缩酮,产率可达70%。最佳反应条件为:n(酮)n∶(醇)n∶(对甲苯磺酸)=1∶1.5∶0.058,回流反应时间为1.0h。     

H6P2W9Mo9O62·24H2O催化清洁氧化环己酮合成己二酸

通过水热法合成新型Dawson结构磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂,对催化剂进行FT-IR、TG-DTA表征,并用于催化30%H2O2氧化环己酮制备己二酸.通过正交实验确定了优化工艺条件,并探讨了反应机理.结果表明,当n(环己酮)∶n(过氧化氢)∶n(草酸)∶n(催化剂)=100∶400∶1.00∶0.15,反应温度100℃,反应时间5h,进行3次平行实验,己二酸平均收率为71.6%,纯度为99.7%.经蒸发浓缩,催化体系可重复使用5次,收率为50.3%.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微乳液的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以甲醛、二甲胺和丙烯酰胺为原料,通过Mannich反应首先合成阳离子单体N-(二甲氨基)甲基丙烯酰胺,然后用反相微乳液聚合制得不同阳离子度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CPAM).通过探讨反应过程的影响因素,确定了最佳的制备工艺,并对制成的产品进行了性能研究.当反应温度50℃,物质的量比n(丙烯酰胺)∶n(甲醛)∶n(二甲胺)=1∶1.2∶1,反应时间为2 h时,制备的阳离子单体可使乳液聚合的产品获得最佳的阳离子度.通过正交实验反映了单体质量分数、引发剂质量分数、油水相体积比以及反应温度对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,当单体质量分数为30%,引发剂质量分数为0.8%,油水相体积比1.2∶1,反应温度40℃时产品的絮凝效果最佳.在常温、酸性条件下,CPAM对硅藻土的絮凝效果良好.     

微乳条件下磷酸氢锆催化环己酮液相氨肟化反应研究

针对环己酮(CYC)液相氨肟化制备环己酮肟(CHO)用到昂贵的TS-1催化剂,寻找该反应的新型催化剂是降低其成本的根本方法.以磷酸氢锆为催化剂,聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)为表面活性剂,叔丁醇为助表面活性剂,水为溶剂,构建了新型的微乳反应体系.考察了表面活性剂的种类、表面活性剂的量、催化剂的量、底物物料比、双氧水添加方式、反应温度、反应时间等对环己酮氨肟化反应的影响.结果表明,在环己酮为0.01mol,反应物摩尔比n(CYC)∶n(NH3·H2O)∶n(H2O2)=1∶5∶2.3,催化剂磷酸氢锆0.5g,表面活性剂PEG-6000 1.3g,助表面活性剂叔丁醇2mL,水4mL,双氧水一次性加入,65℃反应3.5h的条件下,环己酮的转化率和环己酮肟的收率可分别达到95.3%和69.1%.     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV),并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明:SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)∶n(醇)=1∶1 5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85.7%.     

聚阳离子腐植酸的合成与破乳性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺、腐植酸为主要原料,合成聚阳离子腐植酸。确定了最佳反应温度,反应时间和物料比。最佳反应条件为,腐植酸,环氧氯丙烷,二甲胺三者的质量比为1∶27.8∶30,反应温度65℃,反应时间6 h。此条件下合成的产品阳离子度和表观黏度最优。对三元复合驱采出污水有良好的破乳效果。     

利用废泡沫塑料制备压敏胶液的研究

文章研究利用体积比废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备压敏胶液的工艺流程及粘度最大时的配料比和反应条件实验 实验表明 :反应温度 2 5℃ ,配料比废聚苯乙烯泡沫 (g)∶二甲苯 (ml)∶环己酮 (ml)∶乙酸乙酯 (ml)∶邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (ml)为 10∶2 3∶2 7∶10∶5 ,搅拌反应时间 80分钟时 ,粘度在压敏胶液的粘度范围内 ,胶液的其他性能符合胶粘剂化学工业标准 ,而环己酮和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯用量较少 ,有利降低生产成本     

固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成环己酮甘油缩酮

采用浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2催化剂,并以X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜对其性能及形貌进行表征.将其应用于催化环己酮与甘油的缩合反应,合成环己酮甘油缩酮,并分别考察了带水剂环己烷质量、反应时间、环己酮与甘油的摩尔比、催化剂质量等多个因素对环己酮甘油缩酮收率的影响.实验结果表明,经600℃煅烧后,该催化剂的酸性最强,且在催化合成环己酮甘油缩酮体系中获得了良好的催化效果.在反应温度为100℃,环己酮与甘油的摩尔比为1∶2.5,催化剂和环己烷的质量分别为甘油质量的5%和20%,回流反应时间为2 h的最佳条件下,环己酮甘油缩酮收率达到85.0%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.