固定化漆酶催化去除水中2,4-二氯苯酚

采用壳聚糖固定化漆酶催化去除水中的2,4－二氯苯酚,探讨了影响反应的不同因素,并与自由漆酶催化反应的条件进行了对比。结果表明,固定酶催化降解反应的最佳pH值在5.5左右,相对于自由漆酶,其最适pH 值向酸性偏移;降解反应的最适温度范围在30～45 ℃之间,较自由漆酶的反应温度范围增大;载体壳聚糖的吸附作用对降解反应和氯酚的去除率影响不大,氯酚的去除主要是漆酶催化氧化反应的结果;连续重复使用固定化漆酶去除模拟废水中的2,4-DCP,在重复操作6次之后,其降解效率仍能保持60%以上。     

介孔SiO2固定化漆酶降解2,4DCP

以M-NH2-SiO2为载体,戊二醛为交联剂制备固定化漆酶,研究2,4-DCP(2,4-二氯苯酚)浓度、溶液酸度、温度对固定化漆酶降解2,4-DCP的影响.结果表明,固定化漆酶降解2,4-DCP最佳条件为:当2,4-DCP质量浓度为5mg.L-1,溶液pH为5.5,温度为30℃时,降解去除率为42.28%.固定化漆酶具有最大活性时的溶液pH值相比于自由酶的最佳pH向碱性偏移;与自由漆酶相比,固定化漆酶有良好的稳定性和重复使用性.     

Sol-gel法固定化漆酶处理氯酚类污染物

以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)和2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)为代表,采用Sol-gel法固定化漆酶处理氯酚类污染物.结果表明:底物初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L,固定化漆酶投加量为7 g/L,反应3 h后DCP去除率可达95.3%,而反应2 h后TCP去除率可达99.6%.TCP和DCP去除过程可以用米氏方程描述,其米氏常数Km值分别为11.72和9.97 mmol/L,因此固定化漆酶对TCP的亲和力高于DCP,这导致了在反应时间、初始浓度、固定化酶投加量以及底物共存等因素变化后两者去除效果上的差异.连续48 h的运行数据和酶活损失表明固定化漆酶具有较好的反应稳定性.     

废水中铁离子对漆酶催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚的影响

探讨了水中铁离子对固定化漆酶和自由漆酶催化去除水中2,4-二氯苯酚反应的影响。结果表明,Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺离子对于自由漆酶催化去除2,4-二氯苯酚的反应均表现出一定程度的抑制作用,但对固定化漆酶降解2,4-二氯苯酚的影响要小,表明经过固定化之后,由于受到固定化载体的保护作用,酶的稳定性明显增加。     

纳米Fe/Ni催化降解2,4-二氯酚的机理及过程中参数变化

采用液相还原法制备了纳米Fe/Ni双金属材料,分析了其催化降解2,4-二氯酚的机理、降解过程中Ni的作用及相关参数变化。结果表明,2,4-二氯酚被纳米Fe/Ni降解的主要途径是2,4-二氯酚直接被脱去2个氯原子生成苯酚,此外也可先脱去一个氯原子生成2-氯酚或4-氯酚,然后继续脱氯生成苯酚;纳米Ni可将纳米Fe腐蚀产生的氢气转化为活性氢原子,活性氢原子再对2,4-二氯酚进行脱氯降解。在反应初期,溶液氧化还原电位及溶解氧浓度快速降低,pH及溶解铁浓度急剧升高,随着反应的进行,上述各参数值趋于稳定。     

电子加速器辐照降解氯酚的研究

研究了高能电子束辐照降解2－氯酚（2－CP）、4－氯酚（4－CP）和2,4－二氯酚（2,4－DCP）的过程,测定了降解过程中的相关产物。实验表明高能电子束能够有效地降解2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚,降解过程符合一级动力学方程。同时,随辐照剂量的增大,水溶液的pH下降,氯离子浓度逐渐增高。在8kGy的辐照剂量下,2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚的降解率分别为97％、99％、100％;分别有67％、74％、57％的有机氯被转化为氯离子。     

修饰性载体固定化漆酶

采用壳聚糖铜固定化和交联酶聚集体的方法固定化漆酶.探索了固定化前后漆酶的最适温度、pH,热稳定性和金属离子对其活性的影响,交联漆酶聚集体制备的条件.结果为:游离漆酶的最适温度是20℃,最适pH是4.6;壳聚糖铜固定化漆酶的最适温度是25℃,最适pH是4.0;交联漆酶聚集体的最适温度是15℃,最适pH是3.6.固定化后漆酶的热稳定性提高,不同金属离子影响固定化漆酶的活性,其中K+的激活作用尤为明显.制备交联漆酶聚集体最适戊二醛浓度为1%,最适交联时间是2 h.     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化漆酶的制备及酶学性质研究

以Cerrena sp. HYB07菌株所产漆酶为研究对象,制备磁性Fe_3O_4-壳聚糖固定漆酶.磁性壳聚糖微球固定化漆酶制备的最优条件为:磁性Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒0.4μg·mL~(-1)、戊二醛质量浓度4 mg·mL~(-1)、交联时间12 h、给酶量160 U·mL~(-1)、固定化时间8 h.在此条件下,漆酶固定化率为78.03%,固定化漆酶活力为97.19 U·g~(-1).酶学性质研究表明,固定化漆酶的最适反应pH值为3.0,最适反应温度为45℃.与游离酶相比,固定化漆酶的热稳定性有所提高.固定化漆酶用于蒽醌染料活性亮蓝脱色,具有良好的重复利用性,不仅染料脱色率优于游离酶,且在汞离子存在下也效果显著.     

改性离子交换树脂固定化漆酶及其动力学性质研究

环氧基改性的丙烯酸系树脂含环氧基,环氧基可在温和条件下与蛋白质上的亲核基团氨基反应而实现其固定化.研究了环氧基改性的离子交换树脂固定化漆酶的最优条件和固定化漆酶的酶学性质,结果表明,固定化漆酶时,在硫酸铵浓度为1.5mol·L-1、加酶量0.2U·g-1、pH 6.5、温度35℃条件下固定3h,测得固定化酶活性最好,比活力为0.026U·g-1,活力回收率为3.67%;该固定化酶催化反应的的最适温度为45℃,最适pH 4.5,米氏常数(Km)为1.233×10-3 mmol·L-1.锰离子、铁离子和钙离子在4×10-3~4×10-4 mol·L-1浓度之间时对固定化漆酶活性有抑制作用,在4×10-5~4×10-6 mol·L-1浓度之间时有激活作用.     

阴离子交换树脂固定化果胶酶研究

以阴离子交换树脂为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,对果胶酶进行固定化分析,探讨了温度、pH值、时间、加酶量、戊二醛浓度、交联温度、交联时间对果胶酶固定化效果的影响,同时对固定化果胶酶的酶学特性进行研究.结果表明,果胶酶最佳固定化条件为:温度为40℃,pH值为5.5,固定化6 h,加酶量为0.75 mL/g树脂,戊二醛体积分数为0.1%,交联温度为4℃,交联时间4 h.在此条件下,固定化果胶酶的酶活回收率可达到80%以上.酶学特性试验表明,固定化果胶酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH值为4.0,具有较好的操作稳定性.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol catalyzed by the immobilized laccase with the carrier of Fe3O4@MSS–NH2

With the Fe₃O₄@MSS (magnetic mesoporous silica spheres)–NH₂ as the carrier and the glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, the immobilized laccase has been prepared and characterized by XRD, IR, SEM and BET etc. Under the optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP reached 88 % and the removal efficiency still remained 61.5 % after five cycles of operations. In virtue of GC–MS analysis, 2,5-dimethoxyl-1,4-quinone, 2-chlorine-1,4-dimethoxyl benzene, 3,3′-dichlorine-4,4′-dimethoxyl biphenyl, maleic acid phenol ester, and three kinds of maleic acid, alcohol ester, and para-hydroxyl phenol ester compounds have been identified as intermediate and final degradation products of 2,4-DCP, respectively. Besides, the degradation products of 2,4-DCP have been confirmed by performing the ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR experiments, further demonstrating the degradation mechanism of 2,4-DCP by the immobilized laccase.     

Dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic conditions

Metal nanoparticles are effective for remediation of contamination with a range of compounds including chlorinated organics.However,the sorption process of the passivation oxide layers on the metal nanoparticle surfaces may result in incomplete degradation of contaminants.This phenomenon can be prevented by an acidic washing procedure or reaction in an acidic medium.In this paper,nickel nanoparticles manufactured via the carbonyl powder process were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The sorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions was then investigated.Transmission electron microscopy and XRD results showed that the nickel nanoparticles range in size from 10 to 20 nm,and a thin passivation layer of NiO is present on the surface.This oxide layer can be removed by pretreatment washing with acidic solutions.It was indicated that dechlorination was the key reaction pathway for degradation of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions.The main degradation products were 4-Chlorophenol,2-Chlorophenol,and Phenol,and among these,Phenol was dominant.The acidic medium promoted degradation by providing an appropriate pH,and H+ may be involved in the reaction.Dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic condition follows the second order kinetic model,and the rate constants at 298,306,316 K are 0.02,0.2 and 0.3 (g L h)-1,respectively.     

壳聚糖固定化云芝漆酶的制备及特性

以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂制备固定化漆酶,测定了不同戊二醛浓度、交联时间、给酶量以及固定化时间对固定化漆酶活性的影响。结果表明,固定化反应的最佳条件为戊二醛浓度5%,交联时间8h,给酶量20mg/g载体,固定化时间6h,在此条件下制备的固定化漆酶酶活性保持率为52.2%。此固定化漆酶具有最大活性时的溶液pH值在4.5,相比于自由漆酶的最佳pH值5.0,其向酸性偏移;与自由漆酶相比,固定化酶有很好的稳定性和可重复使用性。     

Quantitative structure activity relationship and toxicity mechanisms of chlorophenols on cells <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazd-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylentrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to investigate the acute toxicity of 8 different chlorophenols (CPs) on rat connective tissue fibroblast L929 cells and human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Combined with the data from Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) approach of CPs by using the octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow),an effective model was deduced to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these chemicals. Furthermore, the relationship between the structures of CPs and their cytotoxicity was proposed.The results show that 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP),2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP) induced apoptosis, whereas, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TeCP) and pentachlorophenl (PCP) demonstrated more characteristic of necrosis than apoptosis.These results establish a good experimental base both for developing the comparative evaluation of toxicity of CPs in vitro and for elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of them.     

Characterization of nanoscale iron and its degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Nanoscale iron was detected by TEM, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the size of the nanoscale iron particles is in the range of 30–40 nm according to TEM image, and it contains abundant Fe₃O₄ as passivating layers on the surface of the core-shell structure. To improve its performance, dilute HCl was used for the removal of the passivating layers, and the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was measured for the nanoscale iron samples treated and untreated. Experimental results demonstrated that the removal of 2,4-DCP by untreated nanoscale iron is mainly due to the adsorption of 2, 4-DCP by nanoscale iron, and there are no degradation products detected by HPLC in the process. However, excellent dechlorination of 2,4-DCP was gained by HCl-treated nanoscale iron, and 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol were detected during the process. It was concluded that dechlorination is the key reaction pathway for the degradation of 2,4-DCP by activated nanoscale iron, and phenol is found to be the main product.     

Degradation of organic pollutants by a Co3O4-graphite composite electrode in an electro-Fenton-like system

A novel composite electrode was constructed by pressing together Co3O4 and graphite and it was used as the cathode in an electro-Fenton-like (EFL) system. The poor electron transport characteristic of Co3O4 was overcome by incorporating graphite. In situ electro-catalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) occurred at high current efficiencies from pH 2-10, extending the traditional Fenton reaction pH range. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrometry were used to characterize the composite electrode. The ability of the EFL system to degrade organic compounds was investigated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as probes. Decoloration of SRB (1.0×10-5 mol/L) was complete (100%) in 150 min and SRB was effectively degraded from pH 2-10. The decomposition of SRB was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and results indicated that the final degradation products were carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids and amines. The EFL system also decomposed 2,4-DCP and the degradation was 98.6% in 240 min. Electro-catalytic degradation of SRB occurs by a ·OH mechanism. After 5 times reused, the degradation rate of SRB did not significantly slow down. The electrode shows excellent potential for use in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to treat persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater.     

日光/草酸铁络合物/H2O2降解水中2,4-二氯苯酚

以日光作光源 ,Fenton 草酸铁络合物为光氧化剂 ,对水中 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明 :草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的速率显著高于Fenton试剂 ,前者的光解初始速率大约是后者的 4倍 ;溶液 pH值对光氧化有很大影响 ,pH值在 3左右 ,2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的光降解脱氯的效果较佳 ,pH超过 4 ,光降解脱氯效率明显下降 ;在晴天和多云日照下草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解有机物的速率很快 ,在阴天的光解速率相对较慢 ,但效率仍然很高