中国城市公厕生态现状研究

分析了中国城市公厕的基本生态状况,讨论了其生态化和可持续发展问题,以期解决公厕对能源和环境的外部负面影响问题,寻求城市公厕的"绿色"发展之路.     

城市公厕生态设计理念与原则

讨论了城市公厕设计、建设的理念和遵循的原则,认为,以可持续发展观和生态学原理为指导,根据生态设计原则,综合处理人、建筑、资源之间的关系,利用先进科学技术进行适性整合,建立以人、环境、社会等要素的共生关系,为市民创造具有较高文化内涵,合乎人性,健康、轻松的如厕空间．运用生态设计手段,在注重公厕外观与功能的同时,高效利用公厕各种资源,打造与资源、能源、城市景观相协调,健康、舒适的“绿色公厕”,实现社会效益、环境生态效益和经济效益的统一．     

基于M/M/n排队系统的公厕性能研究

针对公厕排队问题,本文基于M/M/n排队系统建立公厕排队模型,并通过仿真分析了传统的男女分离公厕和无性别公厕排队系统的性能。结果显示无性别公厕的各项性能指标都优于传统公厕,从而为解决公厕排队问题提供解决思路和理论依据。     

红外传感单片机控制公厕照明冲洗的设计

公共厕所使用人次多,容易造成脏乱,产生刺激性气味。为了解决这一问题本文专为学校和车站的公厕设计了一个单片机控制的照明冲洗系统,来代替那些传统机械式控制方式,为公厕所创造一个清洁卫生的环境,更重要的是节约利用水电。     

从公厕看城市公共设施的人文关怀

公厕虽小,可它的环境和细节从一个侧面反映了城市管理者对民众生活的关爱诚意,也反映了市民公共道德水准的高低,是社会文明进步程度的一个标志。该文分析了国内公厕的现状,从人文关怀的角度探讨了设计和管理的可行方法。     

绿色城市的公厕卫生——“迎绿色奥运，从细节做起”系列报道之一

一个城市的公厕面貌最能体现城市的卫生管理和市民行为水平。新加坡是全世界游客公认的卫生程度很高的国家。笔者在那里参观时，印象最深的就是公厕管理。在新加坡．笔者看到了为保障公共卫生而设计周全的公厕（图1）。那里有为坐便器提供消毒液的设施（图2），     

基于满意度的“智慧公厕”构建与管理研究以重庆主城区为例

2015年习总书记做出"公厕革命"的重要批示以来,"公厕革命"所取得的成就有目共睹.而随着物联网、信息技术的发展,"公厕革命"的意义内涵也有着深刻的变化.本研究以重庆市主城区公厕为例,通过问卷调查法提取了8个影响公厕满意度的主要因素.采用解释结构了模型方法构建影响公厕满意度的结构模型.根据结构模型对各因素进行了解释和分析,得出了各因素之间的联系.以提高满意度为目的,从保洁质量、环境质量、维修响应速度、设施维修质量、公共物资充足5个方面构建了"智慧公厕",运用"互联网+"思维赋予公厕智慧元素,从而让公厕更具魅力,更从容地融入到现代化服务当中来.     

小城大事——临汾市公厕建设漫谈

公厕是体现人类文明进程的一个缩影,随着城市社会经济的发展和人类文明程度的不断提升,公厕的内涵、功能和形象等都发生了深刻的变化.近几年,临汾市以打造"方便之城"为理念,市区内新建标准化公厕60余座,每一座公厕都有独特的风格.本文以临汾市公厕建设为例,探讨了公厕在城市发展中的作用,结果发现公厕不但是城市的重要基础设施,而且是现代文明的缩影,城市形象的标志,同时也可以发扬传统文化.     

中国：“泡沫公厕”

杭州市首个生态型“泡沫公厕”问世。据杭州市下城区城管办介绍，该泡沫公厕的原理是将自来水经过发泡器处理，产生源源不断丰富的水体泡沫，从而使体积急剧膨胀，将排泄物封堵包围，然后在润滑和重力的作用下，通过管道进入生化处理池进行杀菌消毒处理。     

双周要闻

北京成为苍蝇禁飞区事件北京市市政市容委发布《北京市主要行业公厕管理服务工作标准》,其中一项是公厕苍蝇不得超过2只,引来了社会热议,很多人觉得对苍蝇如此量化要求有些＂冏＂。无独有偶,南昌市和南京市对公厕也有严格的管理标准,均规定公厕内的苍蝇不多于3只。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.