举重运动员下肢三关节等速肌力测试分析*

【目的】通过对广西举重运动员下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群进行等速向心测试,研究其在不同角速度下相对峰值力矩和峰值力矩比值,找出薄弱肌群,为运动员的力量训练提供科学依据。【方法】使用美国Biodex System 3Pro多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统,测定广西举重队16名重点运动员在60°/s、180°/s、240°/s速度下两侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心峰值力距。【结果】(1)举重运动员髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩的相对峰值力矩男子明显大于女子,并且男女运动员都随运动速度的增加(60~240°/s)而减小;男子左髋屈肌群相对峰值力矩在中速(180°/s)和高速(240°/s)时明显低于右髋,男子右膝伸肌峰值力矩在低速(60°/s)时明显低于左膝。(2)当运动速度从低速(60°/s)增加到高速(240°/s)时,女子举重运动员右髋屈伸肌峰值力矩比值降低的幅度明显大于男子运动员;男子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)时左膝和右膝屈伸肌峰值力矩比值差别较大,女子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)和快速(240°/s)时左膝和右膝屈伸肌峰值力矩比值差别较大;举重运动员踝关节背屈跖屈峰值力矩比值在中速(180°/s)时最大,男子举重运动员在快速(240°/s)时最小,女子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)时最小。【结论】广西举重运动员下肢三关节屈伸肌群等速肌力两侧不平衡,男运动员表现更明显;女子举重运动员的薄弱肌群为右髋屈肌群和左踝背屈肌群;男子举重运动员的薄弱肌群为左髋屈肌群和右膝伸肌群。     

男子水球守门员膝、踝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力实验测量

通过对国家男子水球守门员进行膝和踝关节屈伸等速测试,探讨我国优秀水球守门员膝踝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力水平,诊断膝和踝关节屈伸肌群肌力均衡性,预防因屈伸肌群肌力比值失衡而导致关节肌群运动损伤的发生。研究结果表明,膝和踝关节屈伸肌群测试模式均为等速向心和离心。在测试速度为60°/s和240°/s下,膝关节屈伸肌群向心收缩峰力矩比值的平均值分别为0.5,0.6;在测试速度为60°/s和180°/s时,踝关节屈伸肌群向心收缩峰力矩比值的平均值均为0.3;仅有1名队员两侧踝关节屈肌群离心收缩峰力矩(60°/s)/伸肌群向心收缩峰力矩(240°/s)小于1,其余队员膝踝关节屈伸等速测试时,拮抗肌群离心收缩峰力矩/原动肌群向心收缩峰力矩均大于1.进一步得出国家男子水球守门员膝和踝关节屈肌群向心收缩肌力较弱;膝和踝关节屈伸等速测试时拮抗肌群离心收缩肌力与原动肌群向心收缩肌力均衡。     

优秀男子跆拳道运动员膝关节肌群肌力测试与特征研究

采用ISOMED2000获得陕西省优秀跆拳道运动员膝关节等速向心收缩的生物力学特征,为我省跆拳道运动员力量训练提供一定的参考依据.研究发现：中快速以及快速条件下膝关节屈伸肌群力量下降较多,需要加强快速以及中快速情况下的力量训练;左右膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩平均功率在300°/s时达到最大值,此角速度下屈伸肌群的爆发力最大;省跆拳道运动员右膝的力量与爆发力强于左膝,建议加强左膝屈伸肌群的力量练习与训练中的实战进攻训练,提高其爆发力;左右膝关节屈伸肌群力量比值不合理,屈肌力量相对较低,建议加强膝关节屈肌群的力量训练;左右膝关节屈肌较伸肌易疲劳（P〈0.05）,应首先加强左右膝关节屈肌的力量耐力.     

男子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力特征分析

运用瑞士Con-trex多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统,对内蒙古师范大学男子篮球二级运动员双侧膝关节进行等速肌力测试,以获得优秀男子篮球运动员下肢肌力的生物力学特性。结果表明:(1)男子篮球运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩、相对峰力矩和0.2 s时平均峰力矩随着角速度的增加均呈现降低趋势;相同角速度下,伸肌峰力矩高于屈肌峰力矩,差异极显著(P0.01)。(2)膝关节伸肌屈肌的平均功率和相对平均功率均随角速度的增加而增加;膝关节双侧腿伸肌到达峰值力矩的平均时间与角速度随时间的增加而下降。(3)角速度为180°/s和240°/s时,膝关节双侧腿屈伸肌到达峰值力矩的平均时间和平均角度均差异较小。     

陕西省优秀跆拳道运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速测试与研究

采用ISOMED2000获得陕西省优秀跆拳道运动员膝关节等速收缩的生物力学特征。右膝关节屈肌群等速离心收缩峰值力矩出现时的关节角度在152.81-159.33°之间,伸肌群等速离心收缩峰值力矩出现时的关节角度在113.01-108.61°之间。膝关节屈肌伸群向心收缩,速度在240°/s时相对力矩梯度达到最大,右膝屈肌群最大值29.62 N.m/s.kg,伸肌群最大值为51.42 N.m/s.kg。     

山东省部分体育院校一、二级跳高专项男生膝关节肌群等长收缩时的生物力学特征

通过ISOMED等速测力系统对17名跳高运动员进行了膝关节等速肌力测试，测试内容为膝关节等长收缩时的最大肌力矩、最大肌力矩屈伸比；对所测数据通过SPSS12．0进行分析处理，从生物力学角度，研究跳高运动员左右腿膝关节屈、伸肌力的各自特征，比较跳高运动员左右腿膝关节屈、伸肌力的差异，为跳高运动训练和理论研究提供依据。     

运动员膝关节等速肌力测试研究的进展综述

通过文献资料法、分析比较法对等速肌力研究的现状进行了分析研究,研究表明,膝关节肌群伸肌峰力矩均大于屈肌峰力矩;膝关节离心收缩的平均功率也明显大于向心收缩;我国运动员膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值,均值为0.66,最大值0.84(极个别运动员);而国外运动员的水平普遍在0.80-1.0之间;不同级别的运动员膝关节肌力的主要差异在快速力量方面,因此提高肌肉快速力量是体能主导类项群提高成绩的主要途径。     

陕西省优秀男子散打运动员膝关节运动特征研究

为探讨男子散打运动员下肢肌力特征,利用IsoMed2000等速测试/训练系统,对陕西省男子散打队12名队员优势侧膝关节进行测试.测试结果表明:膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩时,随着给定运动速度的加快,其峰力矩和总功减小,平均功率增大;离心收缩时,随着给定运动角速度的加快,其峰力矩、总功无明显变化,平均功率增大;等速向心收缩和等速离心收缩时,伸肌群的峰力矩、总功和平均功率均大于屈肌的对应值.测试运动员膝关节肌群力量偏低,应按照散打运动项目特点加强专项力量训练.     

少年篮球运动参与者下肢峰值扭矩与膝关节损伤特点分析

旨在了解13～16岁篮球运动参与者膝关节疼痛相关的结构和功能变化特点,讨论致伤因素,为科学合理化锻炼提供对策.将75名13～16岁受试者(男性)分成3组,健康组(H)25人,损伤组(S)25人、对照组(O)25人,分别进行下肢峰值扭矩测试、下肢神经肌肉控制测试.结果表明:下肢峰值扭矩测试中,等距测试随意性最大肌肉收缩力量(MVC)伸表现出健康组大于损伤组(P0.05),MVC屈健康组大于对照组(P0.01).同心距测试60°/s伸、60°/s屈健康组和损伤组均大于对照组(P0.05).同心距测试中,240°/s伸健康组大于损伤组(P0.05).240°/s屈健康组大于损伤组(P0.01);偏心距测试中,60°/s伸健康组大于损伤组(P0.05),60°/s屈健康组大于损伤组与对照组(P0.05),240°/s伸和240°/s屈均健康组大于损伤组(P0.05).研究表明13～16岁阶段,篮球运动参与者膝关节疼痛与下肢屈肌肌力不足有关,是膝关节疼痛时的主要表现.     

腰背屈伸肌群等速力星重复测量边程中肌力变化特征研究

目的：通过对腰背屈伸运动时一系列肌肉特征参数值的测试和分析,探讨和研究等速运动状态下躯干屈伸动作时屈伸肌的力学特征。结果：（1）等速向心运动时,伸肌的峰值力矩值随角速度的增加而减少（P〈0．05）,屈肌峰值力矩值未见规律性的变化;屈、伸肌的峰值力矩比随角速度的加快而增大,但差异无显著性意义（p〉0.05）。（2）屈、伸肌的峰值力矩先上升后下降。结论：由此看出运动队力量训练进行腰背屈伸肌群等速向心康复训练时宜采用3～6组慢速或中速方式：等速力量评价时应以第3组或／和第4组的测试数据为基础进行评价。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.