用分支分类法探讨蒙古高原野豌豆属植物的系统演化

利用最小平行进化法对蒙古高原野豌豆属植物进行了分支分类研究,并探讨了该属植物５个组的演化关系,其进化顺序为：Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃｒａｃｃ→Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｅｒｖｕｍ→Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｖｉｃｉａ;→Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｏｒｏｂｏｉｄｅａ→Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｆａｂａ。该属的进化趋势为：卷须退化,总状花序轴缩短,小叶对数减少,总状花序少花,花湄,荚果肥厚等特点。本编制了蒙古高原野豌豆属植物的分亚属、分组和分种检索表。     

蒙古高原天门冬属(Asparagus)植物区系生态地理分布研究

蒙古高原天门冬属植物区系的显著特点是 :其东部渗入了东亚中生植物区系成分 (有 5种 ,甚至包括 A.dauricus) ,西部渗入了中亚旱生植物区系成分 ( 3种 ) .由于长期自然选择适应和演化结果 ,蒙古高原本属植物有一个特有种 .此外 ,在贺兰山及祁连山形成了我国青藏高原北部山区的特有种类 ( 1种、1变种 ) .通过 Jascal相似性系数分析 ,蒙古高原天门冬属植物区系与华北、东北、新疆、中西伯利亚的植物区系联系较紧密 .蒙古高原本属植物区系在漫长的演化过程中 ,主要受到热带非洲旱生植物区系和热带亚洲印度—马来西亚中生植物区系的影响 ,分别形成了旱生植物区系成分和中生植物区系成分 ,并且两种植物区系成分在蒙古高原荒漠化草原区形成重叠 ,形成现今蒙古高原天门冬属植物区系格局 .     

蒙古高原植物的特有属及其基本特征

首次系统地列出了蒙古高原的１０个特有属沙芥属、连蕊芥属、绵刺属、四合木属、脓疮草属、芯芭属、百花蒿属、紊蒿属、革苞菊属、沙鞭属．这些属全部是单种属或双种属，分类上属于孤立、进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，而且沙生植物占优势，绝大多数是荒漠种或半荒漠种，其生活型草本植物占绝对优势；地理分布上集中分布于蒙古高原的阿拉善－鄂尔多斯地区，东阿拉善－西鄂尔多斯是其分布中心；起源上多数是东亚和古地中海植物区系的后裔．     

贵州特有植物小黄花茶的物种起源探讨

运用植物系统发育与进化意义上的性状极性比较分析和生物地理学方法探讨了贵州特有植物小黄花茶(CamellialuteofloraY .K .Li)的物种起源与狭限分布问题。小黄花茶喜温喜湿 ,苞被未起分化且数目较多 ,是山茶属中一个较原始的类群 ,它与短柱茶组 (Sect .ParacamelliaChang)和金花茶组 (Sect .ChrysanthaChang)植物具有某些相似表征性状 ,但进化发育的形态结构却有较大差异 ,隶属于山茶亚属下一较原始的独立组—小黄花茶组 (Subgen .Camellia ,Sect .LuteofloraChang)是比较恰当的。根据物种形成原理结合小黄花茶生境与狭限分布的生物地理学特征分析 ,可以推测小黄花茶的物种起源于异域物种形成中的分替 (vicariance ,allopatriespe ciation)型式 ,即来源于地理物种形成     

从叶绿体DNA rbcL序列分析探讨五味子科的系统发育

以广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora，蝙蝠葛Menispermum dauricum，牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa和Illicium parviflorum为外类群，对五味子科的叶绿体rbcL基因进行序列分析，探讨其系统发育关系．结果表明，五味子科为一单系类群，与八角科关系最近，与木兰科关系较远．在严格一致性树中(Length=256，CI=0．8725，RI=0．8192)，五味子科被分为二支，一支由五味子属中的中华五味子亚属Subgen．Sinoschisandra，多蕊五味子亚属Subgen．Pleiostema和少蕊五味子亚属Subgen．Maximowixzia构成，支持率82％；另一支包括南五味子属和五味子属中的团蕊五味子亚属Subgen．Sphaerostema，重瓣五味子亚属Subgen．Plenischisandra．由此推断，五味子属和南五味子属关系密切，它们之间存在交叉和重叠，两属可能起源于共同的祖先．通过基因树分析，结合形态学、解剖学和化学证据认为，五味子S．chinensis和红花五味子S．rubriflora是五味子属中的原始类群．     

蒙古高原绣线菊属植物的分类学研究

确认了蒙古高原绣线菊属植物18种、1变种；把S．flexuosa Cambess,与S．chamaedry-foliaL合并；否认了这种S．salicifoliaL.var.olfigodonta Yue的存在；比《内蒙古植物志》增加了3个种；指出内蒙古没有S.blumeiG.Don的分布；更正了《内蒙古植物志》（第二版 第三卷）中的一些咱的不确切分布；编制了高原绣线菊属植物的分组、分系和分种检索表。     

石蒜科植物族属分类及地理分布

石蒜科属单子叶植物,多年生草本,具球茎,根状茎。花通常艳丽,为重要的观赏经济植物。该科可分为13个族：1．百子莲族;2．葱蒜族;3．吉里斯族;4．盔花族;5．石蒜族;6．文珠兰族;7．葱莲族;8．网球花族;9．伊克修莲族;10．油茄律族;11．油斯德夫族;12．骑士莲族;13．水仙族。全球计有85属1200种,主产温带、瑗温带地区,热带较少。我国14属140种,广布南北各省。     

四川省及重庆市绣球属（Hydrangea Linn.）的分类研究（I）——研究历史及地理分布

对锈球属在绣球花（亚）科中的位置以及绣球属的研究历史作了综述,并对地理分布作了讨论;据广义虎耳草科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科种子形态学特征、绣球亚科的脉序研究以及绣球花亚科花粉形态特征,推测绣球属可能在绣球在亚科演化上处于一个中心位置,与其它各属有着十分亲缘的关系,绣球属在四川省及重庆市有18种及4变种,可明确地划分为4个组,即离瓣组（Sect,Petalanthae(Maxim,)Wei)、挂苦子组（Sect,Heteromallae(Rehd,)Wei)、绣球组（Sect,Hydrangea)和冠盖组（Sect,Calypranthe Maxim）,在四川省及重庆市该属广泛分布,特别是四川盆地周围海拔高于1000m的高山上分布种类较多,而在盆地内低海拔的平原和丘陵地区仅零星分布。     

蒙古高原植物的特圾属及其基本特征

首次系统地列出蒙古高原的１０个特有属－－沙芥属、连蕊芥属、绵刺属、四合木属、脓疮草属、芯芭属、百花蒿属、紊蒿属、革苞菊属、沙鞭属，这些属全部是单程度呈双种属，分类上属于孤立，进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，而且沙生植物占优势，绝大多数是荒漠种或半荒漠种，其生活型草本植物占绝对优势；地理分布上集中分布于蒙古高原 拉善鄂尔多斯地区东阿拉善西鄂尔多斯是其分布中心；起源上多数是东亚和古地中海植物区系的后     

菊科紫菀族的系统发育与分类研究

本文对紫菀族（菊科，Ａｓｔｅｒｅａｅ）的系统发育与分类进行了分支系统学研究。结果表明，Ｇｒａｎｇｅｉｎａｅ亚族是该族原始类群；其余属群可以分为两大亚族，即：一支黄花亚族（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｉｎａｅ）和紫菀亚族（Ａｓｔｅｒｉｎａｅ）。分支图还清楚地揭示出分布在世界各大洲的紫菀族植物在系统发育上的密切联系，据此可以摒弃先前的研究者Ｇｒａｎ（格劳）仅按照地理分布这个单一的性状对紫菀族所作出的不正确的分类。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to