基于预期机制的供应链产品转移价格混沌预测研究

将供应链管理系统中与原材料和产品流动过程有关的产品转移价格作为上游企业基于提前期内下游企业对产品的反馈信息作出的预期价格.提出了预期机制下供应链产品的非线性、非均衡转移定价模型,研究了供应链管理系统产品转移价格决策的混沌动力行为,并基于最大Lyapunov指数对供应链产品转移价格进行预测.最后,通过实例进行分析其应用价值.     

生鲜电商众筹预售与众包生产联合决策

顺应消费者参与消费体验追求产品质量安全保障,论文构建了社区化消费者与组织化生产者通过电商平台进行点对点的生鲜农产品供应链纵向一体化众筹预售与众包生产联合决策模型及机制.研究表明,与过去分散决策相比,联合决策对扩大网购需求,提高供应链收益有显著协同效应,而决策机制可确保参与者的利益诉求在联合决策中公平表达.研究成果对促进我国生鲜农产品以销定产,消费者参与质量安全监督和农产品流通"最初一公里"与"最后一公里"问题解决及生鲜电商发展有参考价值.     

受约束供应链模型的复杂动力学行为

本研究建立了受到不可退货和有限供货能力约束的非线性供应链存系统模型, 并将其表示为分段线性的形式．通过稳定性分析和数值模拟实验说明, 在某常见参数设置下, 上游厂商的削减库存行为会导致下游厂商库存系统的动力学行为复杂化, 使用李雅普诺夫指数验证了上述结论．并从统计学意义上得到系统出现各种状态的概率．结果显示库存成本与动力学复杂性之间存在均衡．供应链成员应当谨慎设置目标库存以保证供应链的稳定运行．     

Information structures and pricing decisions in competing supply chains

The paper investigates the pricing decisions of two competing supply chains under the different information structures. Each retailer has private information about the market demand and has the right to decide whether or not to share the information with the manufacturer. Three demand-information structures, i.e., information sharing in both supply chains, information sharing in only one supply chain and information sharing in neither supply chain, are considered. We investigate the value of information by comparing the information structures, and find that the information value not only works in the channel directly, but also does in the competing channel indirectly. Information sharing in a supply chain always benefits its manufacturer, but hurts its retailer; while it benefits both the manufacturer and the retailer of competing supply chain, regardless of whether this competing supply chain has information sharing. From the perspective of channel, when the competition is more intense, information sharing in a supply chain makes this supply chain better off, and when the competition is less intense, the information sharing in a supply chain makes this supply chain worse off. However, it always makes the competing supply chain better off regardless of whether the competing supply chain has information sharing.     

闭环供应链管理问题的研究进展

在分析驱动逆向物流和闭环供应链产生的原因基础之上,就闭环供应链管理中的逆向物流回收与重新利用、闲环供应链结构设计、闲环供应链运作、契约协调和闲环供应链不确定性等问题的研究现状进行了综述,探讨了闲环供应链管理研究的若干前瞻性问题.     

战略顾客行为对竞争性供应链绩效的影响

战略顾客利用等待跨期选择购买时机以实现其期望剩余最大化,其支付意愿由横向支付意愿与纵向支付意愿构成. 考虑了存在产品差异与供应合同条款差异的两条竞争性供应链. 每条供应链中,制造商向零售商提供两类供应合同：批发价格合同与销售补偿合同. 结论表明：1）当产品间只存在横向差异性时,纵向联盟同时降低了自身供应链与竞争供应链的绩效,即相对于都采用批发价格合同情形,两条供应链都采用销售补偿合同时,各自得到的期望利润更低. 2）当产品间同时存在横向与纵向差异性时,供应链提升产品纵向差异优势与采用纵向联盟能增加自身期望利润,却降低了竞争供应链的绩效.     

具有资源配置的供应链竞争动态模型

在供应链竞争的经济背景下,考虑由多条结构复杂并且异质的供应链构成的竞争模型。供应链在市场需求的推动下以自身利润最大化为决策标准,整合生产工序、分配企业内部资源。在资源有限以及产品无差异的条件下,通过市场链的定义分析了供应链之间的竞争方式;利用动态投影系统理论建立了供应链竞争的动态模型,刻画了供应链之间相互博弈的动态行为过程;进一步,在单调性条件下分析了模型均衡解的稳定性条件。最后,通过数值算例验证了模型的合理性。     

A REVIEW OF ENTERPRISE SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT

This paper reviews enterprise risk management practices in the context of supply chains. Starting with the importance of managing supply chain risks, the paper established the benefits of managing risks using an enterprise-wise integrated approach. The rest of the paper then presents a practical framework for enterprises to manage risks in their extended supply chains.     

Manufacturing and services: From mass production to mass customization

Manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country’s economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest sectors.The outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products(due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining) and services products.To date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass customization.We regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci.From a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration point.From a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or fixed.Interestingly,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus manageable.Simultaneous management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer market.Simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization(e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual’s upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting).The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced-as "servgoods"-in real time,resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage.     

基于需求预测的供应链期权式契约协调

通过期权机制，分别建立了基于需求预测的两阶段生产和订购模式下的集中决策型和合作型供应链中各决策主体的决策模型．发现期权机制要优于传统的报童模型（Newsvendor）。在合作型供应链中，供应商和零售商根据预测结果合理地安排其两阶段的生产和订购量，通过选择不同的期权价格政策，可以将部分市场风险转移给供应商，供应商也因此通过期权而获得相应的风险补偿，从而实现供应链协调。最后根据电子半导体类产品的特征，对论文中的理论模型进行了详细的模拟分析，结果验证了期权契约在需求预测环境下的供应链协调过程中的有效性。     

Evolutionary Game Model between Governments and Core Enterprises in Greening Supply Chains

In order to investigate the games between governments and core enterprises in greening supply chains, this article analyzes their respective costs and benefits, and studies the evolutionary game model. Game analysis shows that core-enterprises' costs and benefits to implement green supply chain management as well as subsidies and penalties from governments directly affect the game results; there are three evolutionary stable strategies in three cases. To gain long-term benefits, governments should enact and enforce increasingly strict environmental regulations, and increase relevant subsidies and penalties; core enterprises need to proactively implement environment management, and gain environmental experience, and then further affect upstream and downstream enterprises. That is the way to realize the win-win strategy between governments and core enterprises in the long run.     

供需网的一个节点:供应链协同管理与决策

从供应链决策分析、决策支持技术及决策支持方法等几个方面探讨了供应链协同管理决策的理论和方法 .最后以生产商和销售商为例研究了双方共同获利的、协同决策的建模方法 .由此得出 ,为了实现供应链为增值链 ,减少开销 ,双方共同获利 ,协同决策是非常重要的 .     

集群式供应链跨链库存应急互补的仿真和优化

基于系统动力学,考察一供应链应急库存补充来自于另外其他相邻供应链,也即集群式供应链.对两供应链中两零售商跨链间的库存应急互补进行建模和仿真.在此基础上,通过改变库存满足销售周期,以及将单级跨链互补扩展到两级和三级跨链互补,来优化和改善库存管理.研究发现,当同时存在三级(供应商商、生产商和零售商)跨链库存互补时,集群式供应链的两单链库存平均值和波动幅度大为减少,并且两链的顾客需求满足率均得到较大提高.最后,设计出了一种混合式契约,来实现这种集群式供应链跨链间库存应急互补的协调和合作.     

绿色供应链中政府与核心企业进化博弈模型

为探究绿色供应链中政府与核心企业的博弈过程,在分析政府和企业在不同策略下各自的成本和收益基础上,运用进化博弈理论研究了政企双方的博弈关系.博弈分析结果显示:核心企业开展绿色供应链管理的成本和收益、政府对企业是否开展绿色供应链管理的奖惩力度,都直接影响博弈结果;政府和核心企业两个群体,在三种情况下存在进化稳定策略.政府和企业为了获得长远的利益,政府制定不断严格的环保法规,加大奖惩力度;核心企业应首先主动实施环境管理,积累相关环保经验,并进一步影响其上下游的企业,这是政府和企业保护环境、双方实现长期共赢的必由之路.     

考虑风险厌恶特征的供应链竞合模式比较研究

企业之间的竞争已演变为供应链之间的竞争.研究由一个制造商与一个零售商构成的两条供应链,并考虑一条供应链中制造商的风险厌恶特征,比较研究完全竞争、单一供应链合作(供应链1或2合作)、供应链内部合作、供应链研发合作五种竞合模式下的供应链最优研发努力决策.结果表明:研发成本系数或风险厌恶程度的增加会降低制造商的研发水平,但能激励竞争供应链的研发努力,而市场波动对竞争供应链研发水平的提高不总是有利的;对供应链利润而言,风险厌恶程度与市场波动会降低两条供应链的利润;尽管制造商的研发水平在供应链研发合作模式下是最优的,但对供应链利润不一定是最优的,其在供应链合作而竞争供应链不合作模式下的利润反而更优.     

企业内部供应链产量联合优化决策研究

首先分析了在具有原材料供应和最终产品加工两个部门的加工制造类企业中,产品在生产中的成本构成,在成本分析中,考虑了最终产品的随机需求所导致的计划变更而引起民的边示生产成本的变化,之后,在此基础上研究了内具有物流供南非关系的供应锭上各部门在合作条件下以企业总利润最在化为目标的产量联合优化决策模型。     

零售商风险规避下基于联合契约的双渠道供应链库存决策模型

研究了不确定条件下基于零售商风险规避的双渠道供应链库存协调问题,建立了零售商风险规避下双渠道供应链分散和集中情况下库存最优决策模型,证明了包含收益共享和回购契约的联合契约可以实现双渠道供应链的库存协调,分析了产需不确定因子、风险规避因子和市场分配比例系数对制造商和零售商的最优决策的影响。研完表明,包含收益共享和回购契约的联合契约可实现双渠道供应链的帕累托改进。最后,讨论了联合契约实现帕累托改进的可行范围。数值算例验证了模型和方法的有效性。     

生产成本信息不对称下零售商风险厌恶的回购契约

探索在市场价格随机条件下,生产成本信息不对称零售商风险厌恶时,采用回购契约协调二级供应链的内在规律.构建新的条件下的回购契约模型并求解,分析信息不对称和风险厌恶对供应链上各决策变量的影响.通过算例仿真进行了验证,研究结果发现:在市场价格随机条件下,不管生产成本信息是否对称,只要零售商存在风险厌恶,供应链上各决策变量都会发生分岔突变的现象;不管零售商是否风险厌恶,生产成本信息不对称都会给供应商带来额外的收益,但会损害零售商与整个供应链的收益;信息越不对称,供应链上的各种决策变量在分岔突变区域的振幅越大.结论是:分岔突变现象是价格随机条件下,参与者风险厌恶时存在的一种特有现象;供应商能够通过隐瞒私人信息带来额外的收益,但损害零售商和供应链的利益;零售商应对生产成本信息不对称的最好办法就是以最低的成本使生产成本信息透明;零售商以平稳的心态面对各种外部风险,更有利于科学决策.     

TOWARDS REAL-TIME CUSTOMIZED MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND CHAINS

Our focus herein is on developing an effective taxonomy for the simultaneous and real-timemanagement of supply and demand chains.More specifically,the taxonomy is developed in terms ofits underpinning components and its research foci.From a components perspective,we first considerthe value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop aconsistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer orderpenetration point.From a research perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in themanagement of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or fixed.Interestingly,our taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demandare flexible,thus manageable.Simultaneous management of supply and demand chains sets the stagefor mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customermarket.Simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains set     

零售商开通二手市场对供应链成员收益的影响

以大学校园中的旧书市场为研究背景,基于耐用品二手市场的存在与不存在两种情况,研究了耐用品二手市场的存在对供应链成员决策的影响.通过构建包含单一制造商和单一零售商的两周期供应链模型,得出两种情况下供应链成员的最优决策值,并且通过比较两种情况下制造商和零售商的最大利润值,得出二手市场存在的必要条件.结果表明,当旧产品的回收成本较小时,零售商开通二手市场对其自身及制造商都有利;当旧产品的回收成本较大时,零售商开通二手市场对自身有利而对制造商不利.最后,通过数值仿真,分析了消费者对旧产品的接受度及旧产品的回收率对供应链成员决策的影响.