两种航空润滑油运动粘度的实验测定

以电动吸痰机作为润滑油吸入器和清洗器,利用SYP1003型运动粘度测量器测定了4010和4106航空润滑油在不同温度时的运动粘度,并确定了它们在Walther—ASTM模型下的粘温表达式。结果表明：粘度较低或油的温度较高时,润滑油显示出较好的粘温特性;4010润滑油的粘温性能好于4106润滑油。在0-100℃温度范围内,可用Walther模型预测上述两种油的粘温关系。     

国产某型航空润滑油高温氧化安定性的研究

借助高温模拟氧化装置,考察了不同温度和金属催化作用对国产某型航空润滑油(X)的颜色、运动粘度和酸值的影响.利用高压差示扫描量热技术对该航空润滑油的高温氧化安定性进行了分析,得到了各油样的起始氧化温度(IOT)和氧化诱导期(OIT).结果表明:随着温度的不断升高,X的颜色从浅黄色变为黄色、棕色直至黑色;航空润滑油的OIT值能灵敏地反映油样间氧化安定性的差异;温度对X的粘度、酸值和OIT的影响相对较小,而金属催化则使其粘度大幅降低,酸值明显增大,OIT值有所降低,导致X的氧化安定性明显下降;金属铁比金属铜对X的热氧化安定性影响更大.     

粘-温修正的等效粘度模型分析研究

在等效粘度模型的基础上，考虑温度对润滑剂粘度的影响，建立了粘-温修正的等效粘度分析计算模型，并运用该模型进行薄膜润滑条件下的轴承性能分析计算，得到了不同参数下轴承性能的变化规律。     

时间累积效应对油膜轴承油粘度的影响研究

为了研究时间累积效应对油膜轴承油粘度的影响,采用NDJ-5S数显旋转粘度计针对S220、M220和H460号油膜轴承油进行分析,测定了三种不同油品在工作一定时间后的粘度值。通过对实验数据进行处理,得到了不同情况下的粘温曲线及不同温度下粘度随运转时间的变化图。分析可知:随着运转时间的增加,润滑油粘度值下降,且润滑油粘度值越高,粘度下降程度越明显;同时建立了粘度和测试温度和运转时间的关系模型,提出了一种参数评估运转时间的温度敏感性参数,可为工作中油膜轴承油的润滑性能分析提供参考和依据。     

几种国产渣油粘度的研究

采用旋转粘度计测定了５种国产渣油在４５￣１３５℃范围的粘度。结果表明，在固定剪切速率下，５种渣油软化点温度下的粘度各不相同，给出了５种渣油在牛顿型区域内粘度的计算式，根据粘－温计算式试算了５种试样在１４０￣２００℃时的粘度，可供工程应用中参考。     

几种国产渣油粘度的研究

采用旋转粘度计测定了５种国产渣油在４５～１３５℃范围的粘度，结果表明，在固定剪切速率下，５种渣油软化点温度下的粘度各不相同，给出了５种渣油在牛顿型区域内粘度的计算式，根据粘－温计算式试算了５种试样在１４０～２００℃时的粘度，可供工程应用中参考．     

旋转法测定吐温80粘度与温度的关系

采用旋转法测定吐温80纯液体及其水溶液在不同温度下的动力粘度，试验结果表明：吐温80纯液体的动力粘度随温度升高而下降，当温度达到45℃以上时，下降趋缓；少量柠檬酸钠等无机电解质对吐温80水溶液的粘温行为没有明显影响；少量极性有机物无水乙醇使吐温80水溶液的动力粘度相应地下降；吐温80与吐温20纯液体混合后，体系的粘温行为介于2种纯液体之间.     

超稠原油降粘剂的合成及其应用性能

从超稠原油内部复杂的结构组成出发．针对高含量氮化物是造成辽河超稠油粘度大的原因,合成了含氮聚合物型降粘剂,并采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪对其进行了表征。结果表明,该降粘剂对超稠原油降粘效果显著．降粘率达到65％以上。结合两种超稠原油不同剪切速率下粘度与温度的关系．对不同稠油体系的流动模型进行预测,通过对辽河超稠油粘温预测模型的应用性能验证．证实了预测模型的相关性达到0．987。并将粘度、剪切速率和温度3参数关系进行三维模拟分析．得到了更全面、更直观的体现不同剪切状态下的粘温关系图。     

磁场对原油粘度作用的探讨

本文介绍一种自行设计的利用数字式超声波粘度计和x-y记录仪、热电偶等仪器组成的测定原油粘度与温度关系曲线的自动测量方法。测试了磁场作用下的原油粘温曲线和没有磁场作用时的原油粘温曲线,结果表明,在试验条件下磁场能降低原油的粘度。     

制备润滑油粘温特性改进剂的新工艺——顺丁橡胶降解法

本文阐述了顺丁生胶在普通机油中的热降解反应、制备成润滑油粘温特性改进剂的新工艺。探索出反应工艺条件:反应时间3小时、反应温度280℃、配比15％。 实验证明,该法比传统的合成路线简单,效果也较明显——可使润滑油的粘度指数由95提高到147。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-