硫脲法浸取硫化金矿的工艺改进研究

本文研究了硫脲法浸取硫化金矿的最佳条件、回收方法和硫脲的循环使用等问题。原矿经磨细,焙烧,用稀酸预浸出铜后,在常温,硫脲浓度１０克／斤,硫酸铁浓度３．３克／升,ｐＨ值为１－２条件下,浸取两小时可以得到接近１００％的浸取率。选用钢屑回收浸取液中的金,回收率大于９６％,且硫脲不受损失。实验发现,硫脲可以多次循环使用,这样可以部分解决硫脲法浸金过程中硫脲消耗量大的问题。     

碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究

利用混合嗜酸菌对云南某碳质卡林型金矿进行了细菌氧化和氰化浸出的试验研究.研究表明,该矿直接氰化金的回收率非常低,即使采用碳浆浸出的氰化方法,金的回收率只有129%.细菌氧化工艺可以有效地解决硫化物包裹金的问题,大幅度提高金的浸出率,同时利用活性碳的竞争吸附,可以有效地解决碳质物的“劫金”作用,进一步提高金的回收率.通过细菌氧化-碳浆氰化联合处理工艺,金的回收率达到8239%,同时氰化钠的用量降低4968%,因此细菌氧化-碳浆氰化浸出工艺是处理碳质卡林型金矿的有效方法.     

Recovery of gold from refractory gold ores: Effect of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea leaching system

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

从难处理金矿中回收金:黄铁矿对硫脲浸金体系稳定性的影响

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

银金精矿的焙烧条件对焙砂中金银提取的影响

在热分析的基础上对吉林某浮选银精矿的预处理过程进行了研究。研究了焙焙烧温度、焙烧时间奶对金精矿中硫，碳脱除率的影响，着重研究了有添加剂存在时焙烧工艺条件对银精矿焙砂的金银提取性能的影响，并了添剂在硫酸化焙烧过程中的作用。试验结果表明：有添加剂存在时的焙少经稀硫酸预浸，其预浸渣于用硫脲法或氰化法浸金时，其金的浸率将大于９５％，争遥总浸出率也分别达９５％     

废旧电路板中金的碘化法回收工艺

针对电路板中金的回收问题,提出粉碎—浮选—碘化浸出工艺。采用浮选法对经粉碎分级的电路板粉末进行分选实验,分选出的金属粉末用硝酸去除贱金属,过滤,由碘化法浸出滤渣中的金。实验结果表明:电路板中金属和非金属完全解离粒度为0.450 mm;浮选分离小于0.450 mm电路板粉末,沉物金属质量分数为87.32%,金属回收率为90.11%;碘和碘化物溶液可以在3 h内有效浸出电路板粉末中的金,金浸出率为95.53%。     

EDTA—二胺类缩聚物对贵金属的富集 Ⅰ.EDTA—二氨基冠醚缩聚物对金的吸附性能研究

研究了EDTA—二氨基二苯并18冠—6缩聚物(顺式)对金的吸附.实验表明这种缩聚物对金吸附效率高、平衡时间快、吸附容量大和再生使用性能好,可从镀金废液中回收微量金,对金是一种良好的富集剂.还作了与该缩聚物结构相似的化合物的吸附比较和红外光谱,探讨其吸附机理,与该缩聚物吸附铀时存在的协同效应有所不同.     

New insights into the extraction of invisible gold in a low-grade high-sulfur Carlin-type gold concentrate by bio-pretreatment

To extract gold from a low-grade (13.43 g/t) and high-sulfur (39.94wt% sulfide sulfur) Carlin-type gold concentrate from the Nibao deposit, Guizhou, a bio-pretreatment followed by carbon-in-pulp (CIP) cyanide leaching process was used. Various methods were used to detect the low-grade gold in the concentrate; however, only time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was successful. With bio-pretreatment, the gold recovery rate increased by approximately 70.16% compared with that obtained by direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate. Various attempts were made to increase the final gold recovery rate. However, approximately 20wt% of the gold was non-extractable. To determine the nature of this non-extractable gold, mineralogy liberation analysis (MLA), formation of secondary product during the bio-pretreatment, and the preg-robbing capacity of the carbonaceous matter in the ore were investigated. The results indicated that at least four factors affected the gold recovery rate:gold occurrence, tight junctions of gold-bearing pyrite with gangue minerals, jarosite coating of the ore, and the carbonaceous matter content.     

双氰胺钠浸金性能与机理研究

In this work, sodium dicyanamide (SD) was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery, and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated. A gold recovery of 34.8% was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t. In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide (PF) in the SD solution, the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8% to 57.08%. Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique, the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied. The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm–2·min–1 when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L, and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm–2·min–1 when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD. The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry, which indicated that Au and (N(CN)₂)– in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions, [AuNa_x(N(CN)₂)_x+2]– (x = 1, 2, 3, or 4).     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣碱回收

针对高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣进行了脱碱工艺研究,考察了［n(C)/n(S)］(CaO与SiO₂物质的量比)、反应温度、反应时间、液固比及体系碱浓度等对脱碱的影响,同时考察了脱碱过程对氧化铝溶出率的影响.结果表明:添加石灰的方式可以实现高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣中氧化钠的脱除,并回收部分氧化铝;反应温度对氧化钠和氧化铝回收率均造成显著影响,而［n(C)/n(S)］仅对氧化钠的溶出率影响较大;在温度260℃、氧化钠质量浓度小于80g/L、液固比4、［n(C)/n(S)］为1.8、反应时间2h条件下,脱碱率为91.2%,氧化铝回收率为28.0%;拜耳渣脱碱过程物相由水合铝硅酸钠向水化石榴石及铁水化石榴石转变.     

A review of gold extraction using noncyanide lixiviants: Fundamentals,advancements, and challenges toward alkaline sulfur-containing leaching agents

Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants, including thiosulfate, polysulfides, and alkaline sulfide solutions, stand out as a promising class of alternatives to cyanide because of their low toxicity, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation method, the transformation process of various sulfur-containing species in alkaline solutions was discussed. Thereafter, some insights into the mechanism of gold leaching in alkaline sulfur-containing solutions were presented from different aspects, including thermodynamics analysis, electrochemical dissolution, and leaching kinetics. Moreover, recent progress in in-situ generation of sulfur-containing anions from gold-bearing sulfide minerals was outlined as well. Gold passivation caused by sulfur species was discussed in particular because it is considered the greatest challenge facing sulfur-containing leaching systems. Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants are expected to serve as alternatives in industrial applications of gold extraction, particularly for refractory gold ores containing copper and carbonaceous matter.     

含金矿物的氰化浸取动力学

筛选了一种能强化金浸取反应速率的添加剂——间硝基苯磺酸钠(MS),并进行了浸取反应过程的动力学研究。讨论了MS和氰化钠浓度、温度、搅拌强度及矿物粒度等因素对浸取反应的影响。MS通过改变阴极反应体系强化了金的氰化浸取反应速率,且对浸取液中氰化物无破坏作用。采用收缩未反应芯模型较好地描述了金的浸取过程,金浸取的动力学过程受扩散控制。同时导出了宏观动力学方程。用黄铁矿焙渣在串联式池浸装置中进行工业化模拟试验的结果表明,含MS的浸取液,浸取金含量仅为0.94g/t的矿渣,具有较力满意的结果。     

工业废渣中金属银的回收

研究了硫脲浸出———电解沉积法从含银高砷废渣中回收金属银的工艺方法 ,包括浸取液配方的筛选、最佳浸取工艺条件的确定以及浸取废液的循环利用 .结果表明 ,利用本项工艺 ,银的浸出率为 91 .33% ,电解回收率为97.2 3% ,总回收率为 88.80 % (均为质量分数 ) .为含银废渣的回收利用以及由此造成的二次污染的防治 ,提供了一套有效的方法     

用硫酸氧化预处理从难处理金矿中提金的无害化工艺研究

探讨了硫酸作为氧化剂分解含砷难处理金矿的技术可行性,实验结果表明硫酸可以有效地氧化砷黄铁矿而实现金的单体解离,适宜的分解条件为：硫酸与矿粉重量比为３,采用机械搅拌,反应温度２４０～２６０℃,分解时间２～３ｈ,分解渣采用硫脲浸出时浸金率高于９５％浸金条件为：硫脲浓度１％,三价铁作氧化剂,氧化剂与络合剂比值为０．０４～０．０６,浸出时间６ｈ图１,表６,参８     

降低碘化浸金碘用量的途径

碘化浸金是一种新的、有望取代氰化法的非氰提金方法。由于碘的价格相对较高,减少碘用量降低生产成本,对碘化浸金实现工业化具有重大意义。通过实验研究探讨了碘化浸金中助氧化剂、浸出时间、焙烧、I^--OCl^-体系浸金对降低碘用量的影响。实验表明：使用双氧水、低碘质量分数下适当延长浸出时间、原矿焙烧后浸出、采用I^--OCl^-体系浸金均能达到降低碘用量的目的。尤其是使用双氧水、焙烧后浸出降低碘用量效果明显。     

多金属氧化钼矿工艺矿物学及其综合利用技术研究

对氧化钼矿的工艺矿物学特征及其综合利用技术进行研究.结果表明:氧化钼矿的主要矿物组成为钼华、钼钙矿、褐铁矿、黄铁矿及石英.在磨矿细度为200目以下含量65%时,采用混合浮选工艺,可得钼品位为7.41%的钼精矿,钼回收率为82.18%,其中含铅18.02%、含金7.96 g.t-1、含银1 002 g.t-1;采用联合碱浸法处理钼精矿,可获得钼浸出率为95.61%的工艺指标;采用氰化法处理碱浸渣,金银浸出率分别为94.55%、83.96%;采用浮选法处理氰化渣,可得铅品位为46.76%的铅精矿,铅回收率为52.83%;采用重选法回收浮选尾矿中的石英,可获得SiO2含量为97.12%、回收率为80.84%的石英产品.     

土工布处理下酸度对煤矸石淋出液中重金属含量的影响

煤矸石充填塌陷地的传统方法势必造成下部土壤和水资源的重金属污染.在此次柱状淋溶实验中,我们选取聚乙烯丙纶、涤纶针刺、高密度聚乙烯和涤纶复合四种土工布来研究土工布对煤矸石淋出液中重金属迁移的阻隔作用.研究结果表明,四种土工布都能降低淋出液中重金属的含量.由于各种土工布的厚度、材料、生产方法和防渗能力的不同,发现不同土工布对不同重金属的阻隔作用不同,同时发现淋溶介质的酸性不同,对淋出液中各种重金属含量的影响不同.通过分析去离子水淋溶介质和酸性淋溶介质的淋溶结果,得出聚乙烯丙纶土工布能显著降低淋出液中重金属Cr的含量,HDPE土工膜降低重金属Pb和Cu含量的效果显著.在不同的处理效果下,淋出液中Cr、Pb、Cu的含量相对于对照最大能降低50%、47.9%和25.3%.淋出液中各种重金属的浓度与淋出液的pH值之间呈现良好的三次非线性函数关系,且有80%的相关系数大于0.6.与去离子水做淋溶介质的结果相比较,在酸性淋溶介质淋溶过程中,土工布处理下的煤矸石中重金属离子更趋于稳定.重金属Cr,Pb和Cu分别能被聚乙烯丙纶、涤纶针刺和HDPE这三种土工布有效地吸附.涤纶复合土工布将淋出液的pH值稳定在7到7.4之间,更适宜作物生长.土工布功能强大,能够发展成为一项技术被应用到国内矿区土地复垦工程中用来防治污染.     

Process mineralogy characteristics of acid leaching residue produced in low-temperature roasting-acid leaching pretreatment process of refractory gold concentrates

To provide a theoretical basis for a suitable process to extract gold from refractory gold concentrates, process mineralogy on the acid leaching residue of gold calcine was studied by chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum, and mineral dissociation analysis. The results showed that the acid leaching residue contained Au 68.22 g/t, Ag 92.71 g/t, Fe 0.44%, As 0.10%, and S 0.55%. Gold and silver minerals existed as native gold, argentite, and proustite. Quartz, the main gangue mineral, accounted for 78.33wt/%. The dissociation degree analysis showed that the proportions of monomer and exposed gold in acid leaching residue were 96.66wt%. The cyanidation results showed that the cyanide gold leaching rate of acid leaching residues was close to 100wt%. However, the maximum cyanide gold leaching rate of gold calcine was only 85.31wt%. This suggests that acid leaching can increase the gold dissolution rate in the cyanide process.     

静态浸出测试评价飞灰及其处理产物的局限性

采用我国(GB)和美国(TCLP)静态浸出测试方法,评价生活垃圾焚烧飞灰及其稳定化产物的浸出毒性,并借助有效浸出测试、连续提取程序和动态(柱浸出)浸出测试方法,以两性重金属Pb为对象,探讨了静态浸出测试方法鉴别飞灰重金属浸出风险的局限性.结果表明:飞灰浸出液pH值对重金属浸出浓度有显著影响,使GB和TCLP评价结果不能有效预期飞灰稳定化产物随浸出环境而变化的长期浸出风险;由于静态浸出测试有较长的反应平衡时间,磷酸盐稳定化飞灰中的Pb在GB和TCLP测试中均达标,但在柱浸出测试初期却会因未达到足够的反应平衡而大量浸出,因而静态浸出测试会低估废物瞬时浸出风险.