湿地松针叶挥发油化学成分研究

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了湿地松针叶挥发油,得油率为0．22％－0．25％,用GC,IR,NMR,GC－MS等方法对该精油进行了定性,定量分析,在分出的36个色谱峰中共鉴定出33个化合物,占该精油总量的99．79％,其中含有α－蒎烯,Δ3－蒈烯,γ－松油烯,乙酸龙脑酯,乙酸萜品酯及长叶烯等,含量最多的成分是β－蒎烯（36．536％）。     

贵州土荆芥挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取土荆芥全草挥发性成分，用气相色谱／质谱进行分离测定，结果计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定，鉴定出48个化学成分，主要成分为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等，主要有吉巴烯D、β－石竹烯、吉马烯B、β－榄香烯、莪术烯、β－侧柏烯和α－杜松醇。应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。     

豚草植株挥发性成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

采用固相微萃取／气相色谱联用（SPME／GC—MS）技术分析豚草的挥发性成分。从豚草挥发性成分中鉴定出51种物质,其中含量最高的为大根香叶烯D,相对含量为19．169％;其次依次为z-依兰油烯,相对含量为14．534％;γ-杜松烯,11．566％;△-杜松烯,8．206％等。其中种类最多的烯类,共36种,占总含量的82．158％,包括γ-萜品烯;α-蒎烯;delta-3-蒈烯;大根香叶烯B;γ-榄香烯;α-荜澄茄油烯;α-衣兰烯;α-古巴烯;β-波旁老鹳草烯;大根香叶烯D;z-古芸烯;α-古芸烯;z-依兰油烯;（＋）-Cyclosati-Velle;γ-杜松烯;雪松烯;β-荜澄茄油烯;α-律草烯;表-双环倍半水芹烯;γ-异荜茄澄烯;异丁子香烯;β-芹子烯;二环大根香叶烯;α-法呢烯;（-）-异喇叭烯;△-杜松烯;1S,CIS-菖蒲烯;β-柏木烯;α-藿香萜烯（薄荷烯）;α-长叶松烯;α-依兰油烯;（E,Z）-α-法呢烯;1,10-环氧-大根香叶烯D;环氧石竹烯;（-）-环氧石竹烯;香橙烯。     

豚草植株挥发性成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱联用(SPME/GC-MS)技术分析豚草的挥发性成分。从豚草挥发性成分中鉴定出51种物质,其中含量最高的为大根香叶烯D,相对含量为19.169%;其次依次为z-依兰油烯,相对含量为14.534%;γ-杜松烯,11.566%;Δ-杜松烯,8.206%等。其中种类最多的烯类,共36种,占总含量的82.158%,包括γ-萜品烯;α-蒎烯;delta-3-蒈烯;大根香叶烯B;γ-榄香烯;α-荜澄茄油烯;α-衣兰烯;α-古巴烯;β-波旁老鹳草烯;大根香叶烯D;z-古芸烯;α-古芸烯;z-依兰油烯;(+)-Cyclosati-vene;γ-杜松烯;雪松烯;β-荜澄茄油烯;α-葎草烯;表-双环倍半水芹烯;γ-异荜茄澄烯;异丁子香烯;β-芹子烯;二环大根香叶烯;α-法呢烯;(-)-异喇叭烯;Δ-杜松烯;1S,CIS-菖蒲烯;β-柏木烯;α-藿香萜烯(薄荷烯);α-长叶松烯;α-依兰油烯;(E,Z)-α-法呢烯;1,10-环氧-大根香叶烯D;环氧石竹烯;(-)-环氧石竹烯;香橙烯。     

湿地松和马尾松针叶精油的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了马尾松和湿地松的针叶精油，用GC及GC-MS联用仪对它们进行了定量和定性分析．研究表明马尾松针叶油中约含67种化学成份，湿地松针叶油中约含有74种化学成份．马尾松针叶油中α-蒎烯含量高于湿地松针叶油，但后者的β-蒎烯含量却高于前者．     

湿地松针叶中挥发油的化学组成

应用ＯＶ－１０１石英毛细管柱气相色谱和气－质联用首次对湿地松针叶中的挥发油化学组成进行了分离和鉴定。由湿地松针叶挥发油中共分出３４个主要色谱峰，其中单萜１８种，倍半萜１５种。高含单萜主要是α－蒎烯，β－蒎烯，柠檬烯和α－松油醇等，其中β－蒎烯占单萜总量５０％以上。湿地松新叶和二年生针叶的挥发油组分基本相同，各组分相对含量也非常相近。一年中不同时期针叶中的单萜，倍半萜相对含量有变化，３月份针叶中单萜含量普遍高于５月份针叶。而倍半萜的相对含量则大多低于５月份针叶。３月份针叶单萜约占单萜、倍半萜总量的５８．７％，而５月份的针叶中，单萜仅占有单萜、倍半萜总量的３９．５％。     

迷迭香挥发性成分的质谱分析

由黔产迷失香（Rosmarinus officinalisL.）的全草提取挥发油，用气相色谱－质谱进行分离测定，结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行结构鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化测定各成分的相对百分含量。鉴定出29个化学成分。主要成分为α－蒎烯、莰烯、α－水芹烯、β－水芹烯、1，8－桉叶素、樟脑、龙脑、乙酸龙脑酯、α－石竹烯、和β－石竹烯等。     

闽楠果皮挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取闽楠果皮挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其果皮挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,利用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。从检出的87种成分中鉴定出55种,所鉴定成分占总挥发油量的74.42%,其主要化学成分为α-水芹烯（9.18%）、杜松烯（6.41%）、α-石竹烯（6.23%）、（-）-4-萜品醇（4.47%）、大根香叶烯（3.45%）、异龙脑（3.34%）、（-）-桉叶烯醇（3.28%）、（-）-α-桉烯（3.24%）、1-石竹烯（3.10%）、樟脑（2.76%）、（-）-可巴烯（2.63%）、乙酸龙脑酯（2.61%）、2-β-薄荷二烯（1.90%）、β-榄香烯（1.32%）、绿花白千层醇（1.25%）、1（5）-愈创木烯-11-醇（1.27%）等。     

湿地松和马尾松针叶精油的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了马尾松和湿地松的针叶精油,用GC及GC—MS联用仪对它们进行了定量和定性分析。研究表明马尾松针叶油中约含67种化学成份,湿地松针叶油中约含有74种化学成份。马尾松针叶油中α-蒎烯含量高于湿地松针叶油,但后者的β-蒎烯含量却高于前者。     

矮杨梅叶精油化学成分分析

本文应用气相色谱──质谱联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ），测定分析了矮杨梅（ＭｙｒｉｃａｎａｎａＣｈｅｖａｌ．）叶精油化学成分。从分离的５４个峰中鉴定出４０种成分，其中主要成分是β－石竹烯（１４．５８％）、大根香叶酮（１２．５５％）、α－蒎烯（８．３６％）、烷（７．３６％）、甲酸异丙酯（６．７４％）、α－姜黄烯（５．６５％）、２－丁酸香叶酯（４．５５％）、α－古芸烯（３．７８％）等。并与同属植物杨梅（Ｍ，ｒｕｂｒａＳｉｅｄ．ｅｌＺｕｃｃ．）叶精油成分、含量进行了比较分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-