烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

高维时空Schwarzschild内部度规的共形唯一性

本文推广了文献[1]的结果。证明了在高维时空中，Schwarzschild内部度规是Einstein场方程的唯一的一个静态的共形平直的球对称的理想流体的内部解。     

Poincare引力规范场方程的解析解

本文求出了文献中的Poincare’引力规范场方程的精确解.得到了对Schwarzschild解的规范修正项(1/r,r~2和r~2lnr,系数略).其中1/r和r~2lnr项是本文首次得到的.并对自旋流进行了计算,得到了它的某些性质.     

Schwarzschild场的规范结构

从Einstein引力场理论的Schwarzschild解出发,根据经典规范场理论构造了Schwarzschild场的规范势、场强,计算了场的外源流、守恒的外源流和自源流,讨论了场的化约条件和自对偶性.     

不可压缩弹性薄膜球形压痕问题的一种渐近解析解

针对刚性基底上不可压缩弹性薄膜的轴对称球形压痕问题,采用了一种基于Kerr模型的简单解析求解方法。在该方法中,薄膜上表面的接触压强与位移为线性微分关系。之后利用贝蒂互等定理,求解了该问题的高阶渐近解,推导了接触力、压痕深度和接触半径之间的显式关系。当忽略高阶项时,得出的高阶渐近解与现有研究中的低阶解相同。此外还建立了有限元模型来验证渐近解的精度。结果显示,与已有的低阶渐近解相比,高阶渐近解与现有的数值计算结果和有限元分析结果吻合得更好。     

阻尼RLW方程周期解的渐近性

证明了在一个适当稠密但却有限的结点集上，若已知阻尼ＲＬＷ方程周期解的渐近性，则这个解自身的渐近性可被完全确定。并给出了确定解的渐近性所需结点数目一个上界估计。     

一个具有无限长区域的奇摄动边值问题

利用匹配渐近展开法,讨论了一个具有无限长区域的奇摄动边值问题．首先直接求得了问题外部解的渐近表达式,其次由收缩变换求出了问题的内层解,再用匹配原理对外部解和内层解进行匹配,得到了问题的一致有效的渐近解,即一阶渐近展开式．最后揭示了用不同于常见的渐近序列进行求解,可以得到一致的结果．此问题的可懈性进一步说明了用这种方法解决此类问题的可行性．     

变形Bessel函数与高阶双转点的方程

运用变形Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数这一工具,研究一类带双转点的εｙ＾ｎ＋（ｘ－ａ）＾ｍｆ（ｘ）ｙ＾‘＋（ｘ－ａ）＾ｍ－１（ｂ－ｘ）＾ｎ－１ｇ（ｘ）．ｙ＝０．０〈ｘ〉１．０〈ａ〈ｂ〈１的解的渐近性态,并用匹配方法求得解的渐近展开。     

A Class of Nonlinear Nonlocal Singularly Perturbed Reaction Diffusion Systems

The singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the reaction diffusion system are raised. Firstly, under suitable conditions, using a iteration technique, the differential inequalities theorem is constructed and introducing two auxiliary functions the existence and uniqueness theorem of solution for the basic reaction diffusion system is proved. Using the singularly perturbed method the formal asymptotic expressions of the solution are constructed with power series theory. By using the comparison theorem the existence and its asymptotic behavior of solution for the original problem are studied. Finally, using method of estimate inequalities, the structure of solutions for the problem is discussed thoroughly in three cases and asymptotic solution of the original problem is given. The asymptotic behavior of solution in the three cases is proved.     

阻尼强迫振动方程的摄动解

我们在讨论奇摄动问题时,常常需要求出奇摄动方程的近似解,而多重尺度法是求解的一致有效展开式常用的方法。运用多重尺度方法讨论一类奇摄动振动方程,得到了问题解的一致有效渐近展开式。     

一个非线性奇摄动问题的渐近解

首先利用一组渐近序列,构造了外部解;其次应用收缩变量得到了相应问题的内层解;最后利用匹配方法给出了原奇摄动问题的一致有效的渐近解.