贵州5种蝾螈酯酶同工酶（EST）的比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术,对贵州疣螈、细痣疣螈、无斑肥螈、蓝尾蝾螈和尾斑瘰螈的ＥＳＴ进行了研究。５种蝾螈的同工酶种属差异明显,以ＥＳＴ酶谱为性状,对这５个种进行了聚类分析,贵州疣螈和细痣疣螈被聚为一类,尾斑瘰螈和无斑肥螈是另一类,蓝尾蝾螈是两类之间更接近前才的过渡类型。     

贵州5种蝾螈几种组织中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)的电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术 ,分析了贵州疣螈 ,细痣疣螈 ,无斑肥螈 ,蓝尾蝾螈和尾斑瘰螈若干种组织的LDH同工酶 ,结果表明 5种蝾螈种属差异明显 :贵州疣螈 ,细痣疣螈的LDH为 5谱带型 ,而无班肥螈 ,蓝尾蝾螈和尾斑瘰螈的LDH则为非五谱带型 ,各种的LDH亚基构成和迁移率均有所不同。依据 5个种的LDH同工酶的种属差异 ,对它们的系统关系进行了讨论。     

贵州疣螈捕食和反捕行为的初步观察

采用野外调查与室内饲养观察相结合的方法,对我国云贵高原特有种贵州疣螈（Ｔｙ ｌｏｔｏｔｒｉｔｏｎｋｗｅｉｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ）的捕食行为和反捕行为进行了初步观察。记录了贵州疣螈常见的捕食行为和反捕行为。贵州疣螈的捕食行为基本上是一种被动式的捕食方式,捕食过程中嗅觉起了主要作用,捕食动作迅猛而准确;幼体时期存在相互残食现象。反捕行为基本上是一种防御行为,利用其自身良好的保护色和逃逸作为反捕手段,在其被捕捉后,又利用嘴、尾等攻击敌人,同时还利用体表分泌的一种有特殊臭味的粘液来作为御敌手段。     

成体大凉疣螈肺脏的组织形态学观察

采用HE染色和Masson染色方法,研究了成体大凉疣螈肺脏的基本组织形态和纤维分布情况.结果表明,成体大凉疣螈肺脏大体解剖为一对有弹性的中空薄壁囊状结构,内表面呈蜂窝状;组织切片观察显示囊状肺分为气管、隔膜和肺泡的多级结构,与高等动物肺脏的基本结构相似,但肺泡数量少,表明其呼吸功能较弱.对纤维分布的观察结果表明,成体大凉疣螈肺脏的气管和肺泡壁拥有较为丰富的胶原纤维.该文首次对大凉疣螈做了肺脏的组织形态学观察,为更深入了解疣螈及其保护提供了基础资料.     

贵州疣螈的核型研究

以脾脏细胞制作染色体标本，研究了贵州疣螈的核型，结果表明：体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝１２４，第６、７对是亚中部着丝粒染色体，第１２对是亚端部着丝粒染色体，其余９对均为中部着丝粒染色体。未发现异形染色体对，本文还对已知近缘种进行了核型比较。     

鹞落坪自然保护区文县疣螈的生境选择和食性分析

2007年4月～2009年8月对鹞落坪国家级自然保护区文县疣螈(Tylototriton wenx-ianensis)的分布状况进行了调查,并对其生境和食性进行了分析.结果表明,鹞落坪自然保护区内文县疣螈的分布呈"斑块化"和"破碎化"的特点,只在农茶、石屋冲、东冲和包家河4地发现有文县疣螈,平均种群密度为0.180只/m2,农茶最高(0.368只/m2),包家河只有零星分布.对海拔高度、水深、流速、基底类型、植被盖度、干扰距离等生境因子的选择具有较显著差异,较适合的生境为海拔高度1 100～1 400m区间,水深0.3～0.8m,沙石底质,流速小于0.5m/s,植被盖度60～80%的水潭或小溪.主要食饵为节肢动物,占73.0%,其次为环节动物,占23.5%,另有少量软体动物,捕食与生境选择存在一定关系.在分析了保护区影响文县疣螈生境主要因素的同时,提出了保护文县疣螈的措施与对策.     

红瘰疣螈外周血细胞组织学观察

以采自大理点苍山的红瘰疣螈为材料,应用常规血涂片,Giemsa染色法与血细胞计数法观察并统计红瘰疣螈外周血细胞的形态特征及其数量比例。结果表明:红瘰疣螈的外周血细胞中红细胞有核,呈椭圆形、梨形,平均含量为1.48×105个/mm3。白细胞多呈近圆形,平均含量为0.17×105个/mm3。白细胞中按细胞数量从多到少排列,其顺序依次为淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。并将研究结果与其他动物进行了比较,从进化、生活习性、环境与血细胞含量之间的关系进行了讨论。     

云南省两栖动物新记录

我们在云南省东北部的盐津县城的横江发现大鲵一条,在永善县采得贵州疣螈一组,经查证均是云南省两栖动物新记录。大鲵(Andrias davidianus):当地称娃娃鱼,于1991年7月16日在盐津县城附近见到一条从横江捕获的大鲵,体长约400mm,体重约0.5kg.经访问在云南东北部的盐津县,大关县和永善县的溪河均有分布。     

红瘰疣螈繁殖习性初步研究

2007年5月至2010年8月,采用野外调查与室内饲养相结合的方法,对生活于云南省苍山洱海国家级自然保护区内的红瘰疣螈的繁殖习性作了初步观察。结果表明,在大理地区繁殖期一般为5月上旬至8月上旬,窝卵数为96.43±6.14枚,孵化期20~23 d,人工孵化率80.5~92%;自然孵化率72.2~80.9%;对不同日龄幼螈的形态变化特征进行了系统描述,外鳃萎缩期死亡率较高。     

细痣疣螈的核型研究

以脾，肠细胞制作染色体标本，研究了细痣疣螈的染色体组型，结果表明该种体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝２４第６，８对是亚中部着丝粒染色体，第１２对亚端部着丝粒染色体，其余９对无为中部着丝粒染色体。未发现异形染色体对。本文还对该种与其近缘种进行了核型比较，并对其分类地位进行了初步探讨。     

马铃薯专性寄生真菌内生集壶菌的研究进展

内生集壶菌是引起马铃薯癌肿病的一种低等专性寄生真菌。本文首先对国内外马铃薯癌肿病病原菌的分布及危害、生物学特征、致病型及检测、分子生物学研究现状、病害防控等方面的研究进行了综述。针对该病菌是专性寄生真菌,至今仍未见全基因组序列的报道,提出加紧研究不同发生地病原菌的基因组序列,了解基因组序列差异及其与抗病马铃薯品种间的关系的展望,这将有利于推动马铃薯癌肿病抗性基因研究及相关育种工作的开展,为马铃薯癌肿病的发生防患于未然。     

Identification of a novel retinoic acid receptor in regenerative tissues of the newt

In urodele amphibians, the progenitor cells that regenerate amputated limbs (known as the blastema) normally replace only the missing structures. After systemic delivery of retinoic acid (RA), more proximal structures are also formed, indicating that RA can control position specification in the proximal-distal axis of the regenerating limb. According to dose and experimental context, retinoids can also re-specify the anteroposterior axis of the limb, induce deletions of skeletal elements, or block re-growth completely. To study the molecular basis of these morphogenetic effects, we screened complementary DNA libraries of newt regenerative tissues (limbs and tails) for hormone nuclear receptors activated by RA. Two functional retinoic acid receptors (RARs) were identified, one of which is the newt homologue of the human alpha-receptor (RAR alpha). The second receptor, called RAR delta, is novel. Sequence analysis suggests that the composite newt RAR previously reported is chimaeric, consisting of 5'RAR-beta-like and 3' RAR delta clones. We conclude that multiple RARs are expressed during limb regeneration in amphibians and suggest that receptor heterogeneity may underlie the different effects of retinoids on limb morphogenesis.     

Linkage of regression and malignant conversion of rabbit viral papillomas to MHC class II genes.

Human papillomaviruses associated with cutaneous and anogenital cancers induce intraepithelial precursor lesions which may regress spontaneously or progress into invasive carcinomas. Cell-mediated immune responses are probably involved in regression of precancerous lesions and the polymorphism of the genes responsible may thus have a key role in the variability of the host response. Skin warts and cancers induced in rabbits by Shope papillomavirus provide a model to test this hypothesis. We analysed a restriction-fragment-length polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II genes and T-cell receptor beta-chain genes in infected domestic rabbits. We found a strong linkage between wart regression and a DR alpha EcoRI fragment, and an increased relative risk of malignant transformation associated with a DQ alpha PvuII fragment. This indicates a genetic control of wart evolution, involving genes in the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex.     

Spatial and temporal expression of the retinoic acid receptor in the regenerating amphibian limb

Retinoic acid is known to have dramatic effects on vertebrate limb pattern in development and regeneration, supporting a model in which a gradient of retinoic acid serves as a morphogen to differentially supply positional information to a developing limb. The discovery of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and its homology to the steroid and thyroid hormone receptors provided a potential molecular mechanism for limb morphogenesis. One prediction of this model is that the receptor must be expressed in the developing and regenerating limb anlage. We investigated the expression of the RAR in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, whose amputated limbs are capable of regenerating and upon which retinoic acid can act to alter pattern. We report the cloning of cDNAs encoding a functional newt RAR and the localization of high and uniform levels of RAR mRNA specifically in the regenerating cells that control limb pattern. These results indicate that the morphogenic field is established through differential activation of pre-existing retinoic acid receptors rather than differential expression of the RAR gene.     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in anogenital neoplasias

The presence of papillomaviruses in epithelial-derived cancers from several animal species has led to the speculation that these viruses may also have a pathogenic role in the development of certain human carcinomas, particularly those associated with the anogenital tract. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in epithelial-derived cancers, both cutaneous and metastatic, from patients exhibiting the rare, chronic flat wart disease, epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Except for patients exhibiting this chronic wart syndrome, the association of HPV genomes with human epithelial cancers has not been demonstrated. In an attempt to delineate the association and possible involvement of papillomaviruses with human anogenital carcinomas, we have begun an analysis of these cancers for the presence of HPV-specific nucleotide sequences by using highly sensitive hybridization procedures capable of detecting distantly related papillomaviruses at low copy number. Here we demonstrate the presence of HPV DNA in several types of anogenital tumours: Bowenoid papulosis, carcinoma in situ, and verrucous carcinoma. These data indicate that HPV can be detected in several types of premalignant and malignant tumours, supporting the contention that this group of viruses may be involved in the development of certain types of human epithelial-derived cancers.     

一种求解二次模型信赖域子问题的新算法

在Hessian矩阵正定的前提下,首先根据信赖域子问题精确求解方法的思想,得到了最优曲线的参数方程,进而建立了一种最优曲线的微分方程模型.针对此微分方程模型,运用中点公式构造了一条折线.从而用该折线代替最优曲线,提出了一种求解二次模型信赖域子问题的新算法.数值结果表明新算法比切线单折线法具有明显的优势.     

基于四元数表示法的并联机构姿态奇异研究

基于单位四元数表示并联机构动平台的姿态,推导出当6/6-SPS 型Stewart并联机构动平台处于固定位置时机构姿态奇异轨迹的解析表达式,并通过计算机仿真给出姿态奇异轨迹的三维可视化描述.还探讨了机构动平台的几何外形、动平台和定平台的外接圆半径比、动平台的位置对机构姿态能力的影响.对机构姿态能力的研究为Stewart并联机构的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

基于属性偏序理论的李赛美教授运用柴胡类方思路探析

中医类方的研究是目前中医研究的热点之一,然而类方的研究是一个多层面的复杂工程,单一的数据挖掘方法面对大量的高维数据显得力不从心.随着大数据时代的到来,本文提出基于属性偏序结构理论的大数据分析新方法,利用属性偏序结构图,用可视化的方式展现中医的诊疗规律.本文基于属性偏序结构理论,利用临床病历数据,对李赛美教授运用柴胡类方诊疗消渴病及瘿病的辨证思路及处方经验进行了分析,从结果证明,运用属性偏序结构理论,能使中医的理论体系得到客观展现,为建立中医辨证论治的个体化诊疗体系提供坚实的基础.