雪莲水溶性多糖XL31的分离纯化及其结构分析

通过采用热水提取乙醇沉淀获得雪莲水溶性粗多糖,经酸性乙醇分级和DEAE-SephdexA-25纯化得多糖XL31.纸层析、醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和Sepharose CL-4B柱层析纯度鉴定表明XL31为均一多糖,分子量约为170kD.其单糖组成为阿拉伯糖(Ara)、鼠李糖(Rha)、木糖(Xyl)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖醛酸(GalA),摩尔比为11:4:1:18:3:9.XL31结构分析采用了高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化分析及IR、NMR、GC和GC-MS等方法.结果表明:多糖XL31主链由Ara、Gal、GalA构成,其中Ara主要以β-(1→4)或β-(1→5)糖苷键连接,在3-O处有分枝,Gal主要以β-(1→6)及β-(1→4)糖苷键连接,β-(1→6)糖苷键连接在3-O和4-O处有分枝,β-(1→4)糖苷键连接在2-O、3-O和6-O处有分枝;GalA以α-(1→4)糖苷键连接.支链由Xyl、Rha、Glc构成,其中Xyl以1→4或1→5糖苷键连接;Rha以1→2、4糖苷键连接;Glc以1→4糖苷键连接.末端残基为GalA、Gal、Ara、Xyl、Rha、Glc.雪莲多糖XL31是一新结构多糖,为首次从新疆雪莲中分离得到.     

香菇多糖分离纯化及结构表征

采用水体醇沉法得香菇多糖粗品，再通过分级醇沉及Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶进一步分离纯化得到香菇多糖；用硫酸苯酚法测定香菇多糖含量，采用分子排阻色谱法测定香菇多糖分子量，用糖腈乙酸酯柱前衍生化-气相色谱法测定单糖组成，红外光谱(IR)测定多糖结构，结果显示：香菇多糖初次提取纯化的两个组分由β糖苷键岩藻聚糖构成，相对分子量分别为9.5×10⁴和1.7×10⁴.二次提取纯化多糖组分1由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成(3.6∶1.3∶1.2∶9.2∶63.3∶21.4),相对分子量4.2×10⁴,以α糖苷键链接；组分2由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成(10.7∶1.5∶0.6∶14.2∶25.4∶47.5),相对分子量1.5×10⁴,以β糖苷键链接.香菇多糖结构复杂，其化学结构与生物活性密切相关，通过对香菇多糖的分离纯化和结构表征，可为获取高活性多糖、提升多糖在食品和药品中的应用价值提供科学依据.     

一种从菲律宾蛤仔黏附细菌Halomonas sp.GHF11中提取的多糖絮凝剂的表征其在脱色中的应用

从海洋细菌Halomonas sp. GHF11中纯化出一种新型微生物多糖。本研究首次报道了GHF11胞外多糖的絮凝和脱色活性。实验结果表明,该胞外多糖对高岭土的最大絮凝活性(FR)达到71.3%,去离子水系统中对燃料孔雀石绿的脱色活性达到92.4%。经过分离纯化后,发现该多糖为复杂的杂多糖,单糖组成分析其主要组分为摩尔比为4:1的葡萄糖和甘露糖,甲基化分析发现其糖苷键连接方式有葡萄糖1→2→3→4连接,甘露糖1→2→3→4→6连接。另外,对其絮凝活性进行表征发现,絮凝体系中多糖的用量明显较少,在500μg·L-1时达到最佳絮凝活性,对染料的脱色在1.8 mg·L-1时达到最佳效果。     

坛紫莱多糖的分离纯化和结构分析（Ⅱ）

对广东产坛紫菜沸水提取多糖采用Sevag法脱蛋白,冻干后得粗多糖,得率为8%。在粗多糖溶中加入CTAB以沉淀除去酸性多糖PP1,超滤以纯化中性多糖PP2,PP2经DEAE-纤维素、葡聚糖凝胶G200进一步纯化。经纸层析、凝胶过滤及紫外光谱分析鉴定为纯品。通过红外光谱、气相色谱对PP2进行组成分析,再用化学方法测定其总糖,3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖及硫酸基的含量,分别为86.33%、5.425%和12.2%。最后通过高碘酸氧化,Smith降解等方法测定PP2的化学结构,结果表明,PP2由半乳糖、3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖组成,具有α,β型糖苷键,连接方式有（1→3）、（1→4）、（1→2）3种。PP1分子量通过凝胶过滤法初步测得为16.2万左右。     

白沙蒿籽多糖的分离纯化及结构研究

以白沙蒿籽为原料,经水提醇沉,酶法和Seveg法脱蛋白,乙醇分级沉淀,得到两种酸性多糖ASP1和ASP2.将ASP1和ASP2分别完全酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解后经高效液相色谱分析表明ASP1主要成分是木糖,含有少量葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖,数均分子量2.84×105,ASP2由葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和甘露糖组成,摩尔比为2.1:1.3:1.0:1.4,数均分子量3.50×104,ASP1中糖苷键以1→3连接为主,ASP2中糖苷键以1→4连接为主,红外光谱及核磁共振光谱表明ASP1,ASP2中均含有糖醛酸为酸性多糖,且均含有α和β两种构型.     

玉米须多糖的提取纯化及结构研究

玉米须经蒸馏水提取、离子交换、分子筛层析等手段得玉米须多糖(SMPS),结构分析研究表明SMPS的分子量约7 000 Da,其单糖组成和比例为鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶半乳糖∶葡萄糖=0. 18∶0. 75∶0. 67∶1. 22∶1. 42∶6. 82; SMPS的重复单元可能是由甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖构成,甘露糖主要以1→6连接存在于主链中,葡萄糖的主要的连接方式为1→3、1→4、1→6连接,木糖在主链及支链中均有存在,半乳糖主要存在于主链的末端.     

茯苓液体培养法中羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP)的提取、纯化及鉴定

对茯苓菌株HD06-10 进行液体发酵培养,采用醇沉法从其发酵液中提取羧甲基茯苓多糖(CMP).用DEAE-32 纤维素和SephadesG-200 对 CMP 进行柱层析分离提纯,得到主要组分PG.通过紫外光谱和红外光谱对组分PG进行纯度鉴定,结果表明:PG为多糖纯品,未检测出核酸、蛋白质等杂质,仅由羧甲基葡萄糖组成. PG 是β构型的葡聚糖,糖环为吡喃型,糖苷键的连接方式为β (1→3)及β (1→6),分子量大约为4.2×104Da.     

长白山小刺猴头子实体多糖结构的研究

从长白山小刺猴头子实体中提取多糖,其组成是以葡萄糖为主,并夹有少量的半乳糖和甘露糖。经纯化与鉴定得单一葡聚糖,其平均分子量为4万。经结构分析表明该葡聚糖具有多分枝结构。主链由β(1→3)D—葡萄糖残基组成,侧链由β—(1←6)键连结,在分枝或末端有少量β—(1→4)糖甘键。     

坛紫菜多糖的分离纯化和结构分析(Ⅱ)

对广东产坛紫菜沸水提取多糖采用Sevag法脱蛋白 ,冻干后得粗多糖 ,得率为 8%.在粗多糖溶液中加入CTAB以沉淀除去酸性多糖PP1,超滤以纯化中性多糖PP2 ,PP2经DEAE 纤维素、葡聚糖凝胶G2 0 0进一步纯化 .经纸层析、凝胶过滤及紫外光谱分析鉴定为纯品 .通过红外光谱、气相色谱对PP2进行组成分析 ,再用化学方法测定其总糖 ,3,6 内醚 L 半乳糖及硫酸基的含量 ,分别为 86 .33%、5.4 2 5%和 12 .2 %.最后通过高碘酸氧化 ,Smith降解等方法测定PP2的化学结构 ,结果表明 ,PP2由半乳糖、3,6 内醚 L 半乳糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖组成 ,具有α ,β型糖苷键 ,连接方式有 (1→ 3)、(1→ 4 )、(1→ 2 ) 3种 .PP1分子量通过凝胶过滤法初步测得为 16 .2万左右 .     

沙棘叶水溶性多糖SJ21的研究

热水提取乙醇沉淀获得沙棘叶粗多糖，经酸性乙醇分级和DEAE-SephadexA-25纯化得多糖SJ21．纯度鉴定表明多糖SJ21为均一多糖，分子量约为70KD．单糖组成为Xyl、Ara、Man、Gal、Glc．摩尔比为1．0：2．1：5．3：3．7：2．9．多糖SJ21结构分析采用了UV、IR、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化分析、GC、GC-MS和NMR等方法．结果表明：多糖SJ21主链由β-（1→4）Man基、β-（1→6）Gal基、β-（1→4）Glc基构成，其中Man在6-O处有分枝；Gal在3-O处和4-O处有分枝；支链由（1→4）、（1→3）Xyl基和（1→4）或（1→5）Ara基和（1→2、4）或（1→2、5）Ara；末端基为Glc、Gal、Ara．沙棘多糖SJ21是一新结构多糖，为首次从该植物中分离得到．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.