氧化铝颗粒—耐热钢基复合材料的高温磨损特性

采用化学气相沉积技术对氧化铝颗粒表面进行涂层处理,通过负压铸渗工艺制备了氧化铝颗粒－耐热钢基复合材料,并对其在９００℃下的高温磨料磨损特性进行了研究,结果表明：耐热钢在高温下的磨损主要是由磨料的滚压形成的挤出唇,翻边脱落所引起,磨损量较大,而复合材料高温磨损时颗粒突出于基体,承受载荷多,阻碍了磨粒对基体的损伤,因而抗磨性较好,其高温耐磨性是基体材料的３．３倍多。     

涂层对氧化铝/耐热钢基复合材料磨料磨损性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积方法在氧化铝颗粒表面分别获得了Ni、TiN涂层。用不同涂层的氧化铝颗粒制备了氧化铝颗粒／耐热钢基复合材料，考察了复合材料在900℃下的磨料磨损抗力，结果表明：包Ni氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的3．27倍，包TiN氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的2．66倍。进一步的分析表明，包Ni氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度可由无涂层时的0．67MPa提高到4．05MPa，而包TiN氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度只提高到1．80MPa。较低的界面结合强度会导致氧化铝颗粒整体从基体中脱落，而包TiN氧化铝／耐热钢基复合材料的界面抗高温氧化性较差，也导致氧化铝颗粒易从基体中脱落，这两方面的作用是导致包TiN氧化铝复合材料高温磨料磨损抗力低的主要原因。     

包镍Al2O3颗粒的获得及其在复合材料制备中的应用

用自制的化学气相沉积装置在Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面获得了Ｎｉ涂层,并通过负压铸渗工艺获得了Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒／耐热钢基复合材料,考察了其高温磨料磨损特性,结果表明：Ｎｉ涂层能显著改善Ａｌ２Ｏ３与耐热钢的湿润性,从而解决了Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒在耐热钢液中均匀分散的难题,所得复合材料具有优良的高温磨料磨损抗力。     

界面结合强度对Al_2O_3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２ Ｏ３／ 耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００ ℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响．结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ 涂层处理后与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ 涂层的复合材料由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差．     

界面结合强度对Al2O3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响,结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ涂层处理的与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ涂层的复合由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差。     

涂层对氧化铝／耐热钢界面性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积方法在氧化铝表面分别获得了Ni及TiN涂层,并制得了氧化铝/耐热钢复合材料,为进一步研究复合材料性能与涂层的关系,考察了涂层对复合材料界面结合强度与抗高温氧化性的影响。结果表明：两种涂层都能提高氧化铝/耐热钢界面的结合强度,Ni涂层提高强度的幅度更大;包Ni氧化铝复合材料中的Ni涂层溶解到了耐热钢基体中,界面抗氧化性较好;包TiN氧化铝复合材料中的TiN仍存在于界面上,界面抗氧化性较差。     

铸造碳化铬增强锰白铜基复合材料磨料磨损机理

采用真空熔铸法制备铸造碳化铬增强锰白铜基复合材料,对铸造锰白铜时效处理后,在ML10型磨损试验机上选用不同粒度的SiC砂纸和不同载荷进行磨损试验,研究了材料的二体磨料磨损机理.结果表明:铸造碳化铬增强锰白铜基复合材料的耐磨性随着载荷和磨料粒度的增加而降低;在相同试验条件下,耐磨性随着碳化铬颗粒体积分数和碳化铬颗粒尺寸的增大而提高;碳化铬颗粒尺寸相对较大时,其磨损以局部断裂为主;碳化铬颗粒尺寸相对较小时,碳化铬颗粒的磨损主要以整体脱落形式进行.     

涂层对氧化铝/耐热钢液间湿润角的影响及其应用

在探索金属液 /陶瓷间湿润角检测方法的基础上 ,分别检测了Ni涂层氧化铝、TiN涂层氧化铝与耐热钢液间的湿润角 .结果表明 :Ni涂层氧化铝与耐热钢液间的湿润角是 4 6° ,TiN涂层氧化铝与耐热钢液间的湿润角是 58° .进一步的铸渗实验表明 :耐热钢液在包Ni氧化铝颗粒间的铸渗深度可达 8 0mm ,在包TiN氧化铝颗粒间的铸渗深度为 7 4mm ,无涂层的同粒度氧化铝不能实现铸渗 .通过涂层技术 ,可获得氧化铝颗粒分布均匀的复合材料 .     

硬质合金颗粒增强铁基复合材料的三体磨料磨损性能

以回收的钨钴钛类硬质合金为增强颗粒,采用负压铸渗工艺制备了颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料,并借助于金相分析和X射线衍射等手段研究了复合材料的微观界面.由于铸渗过程中增强颗粒的部分熔解及W、C、Co和Fe等元素的扩散,在界面处产生了Fe3 W3C、CO3W3C等化合物,形成了明显的过渡层,从而确保了增强颗粒与基体之间为冶金结合.利用三体磨料磨损试验机研究了复合材料的磨损性能,结果表明:磨损过程分为4个阶段,复合材料的体积磨损量随着磨损试验的进行先下降后上升,其中在第3阶段迭到最低值;复合材料的体积磨损量随着磨料粒度增大而逐渐增加.将制备的复合材料同工程中常用的热处理态高铬铸铁以及WC颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料进行了耐磨性对比,发现其体积磨损量显著低于高铬铸铁,而与WC颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料差别不大,显示出优异的性能价格比.     

碳化硅颗粒增强ZL201合金复合材料磨损性能研究

研究了碳化硅颗粒增强ZL2 0 1合金复合材料在干摩擦和油润滑摩擦条件下的磨损性能。结果表明 :复合材料的耐磨性高于基体合金 ,随碳化硅含量的增加 ,其耐磨性逐渐增强。在油润滑条件下 ,载荷越大、碳化硅含量越高 ,复合材料的耐磨性越优于基体合金。复合材料的磨损机理是微切削磨损、表层剥落和磨粒磨损的综合作用     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to