自动变进排气供油正时系统原理性验证试验

设计了自动变进排气供油正时（AVIEIT）系统的原理性验证试验方案，按此方案进行了相应的试验，试验结果证实了AVIEIT系统的思想，对原来采用高速工况放废气系统的车用柴油机来说，当采用AVIEIT系统之后，在最大转矩工况点的性能基本不受影响，而在标定工况点时的有效油耗率可以降低6g/(kW.h）,实验结果表明，AVIEIT系统可以代替放废气系统。     

车用大功率燃料电池发动机动力系统平台

为了测试城市客车用燃料电池发动机的性能,开发了200 kW燃料电池发动机动力系统平台。该平台采用了水阻负载结合电动负载的组合式负载结构。其中,电动负载由DC/DC变换器、感应电动机和测功机组成,可以模拟车用燃料电池发动机实际工况。该文研究了平台的部件匹配及保护问题,建立了车用燃料电池发动机的试验工况。实验结果表明该平台可以满足大功率车用燃料电池发动机的性能测试需求。     

基于可变压缩比技术大功率低热值气体燃料发动机性能优化

为充分利用低热值气体燃料以缓解能源危机带来的压力,改善大功率低热值气体燃料发动机的燃烧过程和热效率,建立了大功率低热值气体燃料发动机的热力学循环仿真模型。研究了可变压缩比对发动机各负荷下性能和燃烧过程的影响规律,并对各工况下的压缩比进行数值优化。结果表明:大功率低热值气体燃料发动机应用可变压缩比技术,可以使发动机适应不同成分和理化性质的低热值燃料。部分负荷工况下,可以使发动机压缩比大幅提高,提高部分负荷下混合气压缩效果,改善了发动机的燃烧过程。应用可变压缩比技术,在中等负荷工况下热效率改善效果在4%~8%左右,小负荷较高转速下,热效率改善效果接近10%。可变压缩比改善了大功率低热值气体燃料发动机的热效率,为充分利用低热值气体燃料奠定了理论基础。     

超高增压柴油机全工况性能的研究

以一超高增压舰船柴油机为例，研究了顾氏系统及其对柴油机性能的改善．通过与相继增压系统、高工况放气系统及几种常规增压系统的性能对比，分析了其运行范围，提出了最低调节工况概念．实践证明，采用顾氏系统能降低柴油机机械负荷、热负荷、油耗及ＮＯｘ，改善低工况性能．文中还确立了顾氏系统设计方法，并就系统动力学效应及其对柴油机换气特性的影响进行了讨论．     

准均质充量压燃发动机低负荷排放性能的试验研究

通过试验研究了引燃油量和进气节流对天然气／柴油双燃料准均质充量压燃(QHCCI)发动机低负荷排放性能的影响．结果表明：在低负荷时适当地增加引燃油量，不但可以降低QHCCI发动机的排放，又可以提高其热效率；适当采用进气节流，可在热效率略有降低的情况下有效地改善QHCCI发动机在低负荷时的排放性能；在增大引燃油量的同时采用一定程度的进气节流对降低QHCCI发动机低负荷排放更为有利．     

GDI发动机与涡轮增压器匹配性能

涡轮增压系统决定了发动机的进气能力,严重影响整机燃烧性能。为优化汽油缸内直喷（GDI）发动机的热效率,利用GT-Power软件搭建了一维仿真计算模型,并基于试验数据完成模型标定。通过热力学仿真计算,分析了不同增压系统对发动机动力性、经济性的影响。研究结果表明：采用定压增压结构,能减少泵气损失,提高发动机在高速工况时的热效率。但其低速性能较差,不满足车用发动机对低速转矩特性的要求。采用脉冲增压结构能有效改善发动机扫气,低速时压气机喘振裕度大。为解决脉冲增压结构高速工况涡端效率较低的问题,扩宽了涡前流道并使用大流量涡轮机方案,使泵气损失明显减少,最大功率点比油耗降低了11.7 g/kWh。证明该措施有效提高了汽油机性能,满足开发需求。     

车用发动机的稀薄燃烧系统分析

叙述了车用发动机实现稀薄燃烧的关键技术,介绍了实现车用发动机稀薄燃烧的缸外喷射稀燃系统、直接喷射稀燃系统和均质混合气压燃系统,分析了各稀燃系统的特点以及存在的问题,提出了车用发动机实现稀薄燃烧是提高发动机经济性和改善排放性能的重要途径.     

基于多场耦合的重载柴油机气缸盖优化设计

为了降低柴油机气缸盖的热负荷,以重载柴油机气缸盖为研究对象,进行了缸盖底部温度测量实验,并建立了发动机一维工作过程计算与缸盖内三维流动、传热与应力的多场耦合仿真模型,在此基础上提出了优化鼻梁区冷却通道尺寸并削薄缸盖底板的优化设计措施.结果表明:改进措施使该气缸盖的最高工作温度由336.3℃降低为325.7℃,最大热机耦合应力由498 MPa降低为491 MPa,有效降低了气缸盖的热负荷.     

汽油直喷发动机燃烧特性分析

通过试验研究了2.0 L汽油直喷(GDI)发动机在中、低转速和部分负荷下的燃烧特性,并与进气道喷射(PFI)发动机的燃烧特性进行了对比,同时分析了滚流比对GDI燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa的工况下,GDI发动机的燃烧速度要低于PFI发动机的;发动机在中、低转速工况下,提高气道滚流比可以增强缸内气流运动强度,提高混合气的燃烧速度;当发动机转速达到3 000 r/min时,高滚流比会引起燃烧过程恶化.进气道翻板的应用可以提高低转速发动机的气流运动速度,加快缸内混合气的燃烧,改善低转速发动机的热效率.在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa工况下的计算流体力学分析结果显示,进气道翻板的关闭会增强缸内气流运动强度,提高可燃混合气分布的均匀性.     

前置串联式风冷热回收机组的冷媒控制策略

分析了前置串联式风冷热回收空调系统存在的主要应用问题,提出了一种应用于该类型空调机组的冷媒控制策略.通过测试证明,使用该冷媒控制策略的风冷热回收机组有效避免了风险,运行情况得到明显改善.在常规工况下,机组运行稳定;在热回收器进水温度为30℃的低热水温度制冷工况下,机组节流装置前液态冷媒的过冷度由0.2℃提升到3.1℃,冷凝热的回收率从16.34%提高到19.48%,热回收出水温度升高约2.5℃;在制冷最大负荷工况下,排气压力过高时,机组可以按照控制逻辑设定回收系统中多余的冷媒,保证机组稳定运行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.