离子注入聚合物介质损耗机理的研究

本文进一步讨论离子注入聚合物具有巨大的介质松弛损耗的形成机理和理论公式.作者首先评论了离子注入聚合物可能形成的损耗机理,在否定现有损耗模型的基础上,根椐霍尔效应对导电载流子的鉴别、介质损耗松弛时间温度关系与电导温度关系的一致性,以及隧道效应作用下,电子运劝具有一定速度的概念.推断介质损耗的形成在于隧道效应作用下,导电粒子之间电子的迁移.按照电子迁移形成极化性概念,考虑到电场作用下电子隧道穿透率的差异,建立极化强度的静态和动态方程,导出离子注入聚合物介质松弛损耗的公式。理论分析得到了实验结果的验证.     

镶嵌结构锗纳米晶电输运的研究

利用离子注入然后退火的方法制备了镶嵌有锗纳米晶的二氧化硅复合薄膜,从拉曼散射和透射电镜测量了解到薄膜中镶嵌有5~7nm大小的锗纳米晶层.研究了锗纳米晶层在常温和低温下的电输运性质.结果表明:锗纳米晶在100K~300K温度范围内符合莫特变程跳跃电导(VRH)导电,100K以下的低温电导基本上是一常数,导电主要是电子在相邻纳米晶之间的直接跃迁;经退火可消除离子注入引入的缺陷,能增加薄膜的电导;对由3×1017cm-2注量锗离子注入制备的薄膜观察到半导体向金属导电的转变.     

离子注入聚醚砜（PES）膜的介电频谱与红外光谱分析

用15keVAr^ 和N^ 注入纯PES膜和掺碘PES膜，掺碘PES样品离子注入后的介电谱表明，随注入剂量的增加，损耗峰秽向高频，损耗峰的高度下降。离子注入纯PES膜的介电损耗在(0～10)MHz内小于0．062，没有松驰特性，是制作布线的理想材料。红外光谱表明，离子注入引起PES膜结构变化。     

离子注入聚合物薄膜电导机理的研究

在颗粒型电导模型中,现有的离子注入聚合物电导公式只有低场强和高场强两种形式。作者们发现在离子注入聚合物的电导和场强关系中,可明显分成三个区域。本文根据金属颗粒电位悬浮的特点,在金属-绝缘-金属系统上,推出了低、中和高场强作用下离子注入聚合物的电导公式。并以不同As~+注入剂量的聚酯(PET)薄膜,在经过不同百分比的拉伸后,研究了电导的场强曲线、温度曲线以及颗粒间距离对电导的影响。实验结果证实了理论分析。     

低能离子注入聚苯胺薄膜结构性能研究

使用Ｎ＾＋对聚苯胺溶液流延成膜进行离子注入改性,注入剂量最高为５．０Ｚｍ＾－２,能量为１０￣４０ｋｅＶ。研究发现,本征态聚苯胺薄膜的电导率随着注入能量的增加而迅速增加,但随注入剂量的增加程度较缓慢,当能量增至３６ｋｅＶ时,电导率增加９个数量级,ＦＴＩＲ光谱图显示了Ｎ＾＋注入后,使聚苯胺分子链部分Ｃ－Ｃ和Ｃ－Ｈ的σ键断裂,从而改善了它的导电性能。Ｘ－射线衍射说明,注入离子使聚合物微观结晶性能降低,无     

基于Kramers Kronig关系的油纸绝缘直流电导计算方法

针对区分介电谱中电导和极化过程的方法较为缺乏,等效模型中表征电导的参数唯一性计算方法不足的问题.以油纸绝缘介质的电导过程为研究对象,在实验条件下制备不同水分含量的油纸绝缘样品,并测量频域响应谱线.基于Kramers-Kronig关系对测量复极化率实部谱线进行数值积分,获得弛豫损耗谱线,进而得到电导损耗谱线;并使用最小二乘法对电导损耗谱线进行拟合,计算出电导值.研究结果表明,使用Kramers-Kronig变换可以从测量复极化率虚部谱线中有效分离弛豫损耗谱线和电导损耗谱线,进而得到直流电导值;随着油纸绝缘样品含水率增加,介电谱的损耗峰特征逐渐消失,电导过程增强.     

CrO_2/Polystyrence复合材料导电机制的研究

研究了CrO2/Polystyrence(聚苯乙烯简称PS)的复合样品的导电机制.对样品的电输运性质进行研究时发现零场电阻随PS含量增加而明显增大,电导对温度的变化表现出较强的依赖性;进一步分析发现复合样品的电导主要由两种导电通道构成:与温度呈指数关系的自旋相关的晶粒间的隧穿电导和与温度成幂指数关系的自旋无关跳跃电导.     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料导电机理的探讨

通过研究水泥基体的导电性能和不同纤维掺量、外力作用下及掺入骨料后的碳纤维水泥基复合材料的导电性能,探讨碳纤维水泥基复合材料的导电机理.研究表明,水泥基体的电阻随水化时间显著增加,其导电机理是强电解质溶液的离子导电;碳纤维水泥基复合材料的电阻率随纤维掺量增加而显著降低,其电导由接触导电、隧道导电和离子导电3种机制共同决定;碳纤维水泥基复合材料在压力作用下,电阻率因界面接触的改善和纤维搭接概率的增加而降低,在拉力作用下,电阻率因纤维的拔出、折断而提高;骨料的引入增加了复合材料的电阻,这是由于骨料增加了纤维分散的难度和折断的概率,同时阻碍了纤维的搭接并提高了隧道势垒.     

杂多酸氧化苯胺法制备D-HPA/PANI电子聚合物材料

以Dawson结构杂多酸(D HPA)为氧化剂、质子酸和掺杂剂,制备了高纯度的P2Mo18/PANI(S1)和P2Mo17V/PANI(S2)电子聚合物材料.用红外光谱、紫外 可见光谱及X 射线粉末衍射等手段进行了表征,测定了材料的导电性和荧光性.讨论了HPA氧化苯胺法的聚合机理.结果表明:该材料是D HPA掺杂的PANI杂化材料.材料的导电率分别为σS1=5.50×10-3和σS2=1.10×10-1S·cm-1.当S1和S2的激发光波长分别为423和363nm时,其对应的荧光发射光的波长为521和434nm.这表明S1和S2为电子聚合物材料.     

聚苯胺在LiFePO_4/C正极中的双重功能

锂离子电池(LIB)中正极活性材料的导电率σ都很低,要减小正极的极化程度,增大活性材料的比充、放电容量和充、放电电流密度,最有效方法之一是选用高导电率的导电剂,与粘结剂混合在一起在正极中组成良好的导电网络.测试结果表明:聚苯胺(PAn)的导电率(σPAn=18.39 S/cm)大于正极中常用导电剂乙炔黑(AB)的导电率(σAB=7.77 S/cm).以PAn作为正极活性材料,不添加其他导电剂,对其进行恒电流充、放电试验(电流密度I=15 mA/g)时,其第3循环的比放电容量D3=60.8 mAh/g,充、放电效率η3=94.56%,试验结果表明:PAn在正极中兼有导电剂和活性材料的功能.以LiFePO4/C含碳复合材料作为正极活性材料,以PAn替代AB作为导电剂进行了恒电流充、放电试验,在电流密度为15 mA/g,30 mA/g,45 mA/g,60 mA/g,75 mA/g,90 mA/g和120 mA/g时,LiFePO4/C的比充、放电容量都增加了,表明正极的极化程度减小了.正极在经过较大电流密度(120 mA/g)充、放电后,再以小电流密度(15 mA/g)进行充、放电时,比充、放电容量几乎没有变化,表明经大电流(120 mA/g)充、放电后LiFePO4/C的贮锂结构没有变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.