交换环的w-弱finitistic维数的注记

设R是交换环,M是R-模.引入了模M的w-投射维数w-pd_R(M)和环R的w-弱finitistic维数w-f PD(R).给出w-f PD(R)=0的充分必要条件.证明了若R是w-凝聚环,M是有限表现R-模,则M有w-投射分解…→P_n→P_(n-1)→…→P_1→P_0→M→0,其中P_i是有限型的w-投射模,这里i=0,1,….最后,证明了若R是w-半遗传环,w-f PD(R)#1.     

交换环上的极大性内射模

设R是交换环,■表示R的极大理想生成的乘法系,M是R-模.若对R的任何极大理想m,有ExtR1(R/m,M)=0,则M称为极大性内射模.若R自身为极大性内射模,则R称自极大性内射环.若对J∈■,x∈M,由Jx=0能推出x=0,则M称为■-无挠模.证明了在Dedekind整环上,M是极大性内射模当且仅当M是内射模.指出若R的极大理想都是有限生成的,则每个■-无挠模存在极大性内射包络.还证明了若R是■-无挠的自极大性内射模,则自反模是极大性内射模,且非极大素理想都是极大性内射模;若还有R的每个极大理想是有限生成的,则自由模与投射模是极大性内射模.最后,证明了在MFG整环上,平坦模是极大性内射模.     

交换环上的平坦模是w-模

设R是有单位元的交换环,R-模M称为w-模,是指对任何满足RHomR(J,R)的有限生成理想J,有HomR(R/J,M)=0与Ext1R(R/J,M)=0.证明了平坦模一定是w-模.     

UP整环上的u-有限表现型模

设R是UP整环.定义了u-有限型模和u-有限表现型模.证明了若M是u-有限型R-模,则有如下等价刻画:M是u-有限表现型模当且仅当存在u-正合列0→N→F→M→0,其中N是u-有限型R-模,F是有限生成投射R-模;当且仅当对任何u-正合列0→C→P→M→0,其中P是有限生成投射R-模,则C是u-有限型R-模;当且仅当存在u-正合列0→A→B→M→0,其中A是u-有限型R-模,B是u-有限表现型R-模.     

整环上的w-平坦模与w-投射模

研究了w-平坦模与w-投射模的直和性质,分别给出了PVMD与w-平坦模、Krull整环与w-投射模之间的关联.此外,讨论了正合列中的w-平坦模.证明了若R是整环,0→N→F→M→0是无挠R-模正合列,其中N,F是平坦模,则M是w-平坦模当且仅当对R的任何w-理想I,N∩IF=IN,当且仅当对R的任何有限型w-理想I,N∩IF=IN.     

正合零因子下模的G_C-同调维数

设R是具有单位元的交换Noether环,C是半对偶化模,x是R上的正合零因子.考虑正合零因子下模的G_C-同调维数,证明了若M是G_C-投射(内射,平坦)R-模,则M/(xM)是G_C/(xC)-投射(内射,平坦)R/(xR)-模.对DC-投射(内射)R-模可得类似结论.     

关于一些自同态环为半完全环的模

设M是有限生成的拟投射左R-模，那么End(RM)为半完全环的充要条件是M能分解成模直和：M=M1…Mr，其中每个End(RMi)为局部环；设R为整环，那么，对于任意有限生成的拟投射但非投射的R-模M，End(RM)为半完全环的充要条件是R的Krull维数为1和R的每个理想都有准素分解；设R为Dedekind整环，M是有限生成的扭R-模，那么End(RM)为半完全环。     

凝聚环的几个特征

证明了对于一个环R，下列条件等价：(1)R是左凝聚的；(2)对任意正整数n，Mn(R)是左1-凝聚的；(3)Ext^2R(R／I，N)=0对于任意有限生成左理想I及F-内射模RN成立；(4)若N1≤N都是F-内射左R-模，则N／N1也是F-内射模．     

关于Hom函子与Tensor函子的投射盖

设R,T是交换环,P是有限生成投射R-模,M,X是R-T双模,得到了若M是X的T-投射盖,则HomR(P,M)是HomR(P,X)的T-投射盖;而当T是R-代数时,则P RM是P RX的T-投射盖.作为所得结果的应用,对半完全环与完全环进行了新的刻画.特别地,证明了若φi:Pi→Mi是R-模同态,且(iPi,iφi)是iMi的投射盖,则(Pi,φi)是Mi的投射盖.     

关于模的主理想定理

设R是整环,S=R-0.设M是无挠R-模,N是M的子模,且rank(M)=n,rank(N)=I相似文献   

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.