浅谈城市道路“白加黑”改造技术

近年来,各地在城市道路改造中对旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层的技术——俗称“白加黑”复合路面——应用得越来越普遍,但由于旧水泥混凝土路面已运行多年,裂缝、破碎、断板、板底脱空等病害较多,直接加铺沥青层很容易产生反射裂缝,故需对旧水泥混凝土路面进行调查、分析和处理,在满足应用条件后方可进行加铺。本文通过对平顶山市矿工路东段旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层的工程实例进行调查分析研究．探讨了城市道路“白加黑”改造技术中的几个关键问题：旧水泥混凝土路面状况调查与评价,旧水泥混凝土路面的处理,沥青加铺层结构设计。沥青加铺层反射裂缝的防治措施等？     

“白改黑”路面改造中共振破碎施工探讨

在公路路面改造施工中,需要对旧水泥混凝土路面与水泥稳定性基层弯沉进行检测,并进行承载板试验。在考虑各种设备性能的基础上,提出以旧水泥混凝土路面面板固有频率的0.74倍为共振破碎的激振频率。通过分析结果,确定水泥混凝土路面共振破碎施工的行走速度应控制在3.0~3.5km/h之间,激振力控制在20MPa~21MPa之间。     

路面板断裂尺寸对沥青加铺层应力的影响

采用冲压技术断裂稳固路面板，再加铺沥青面层是旧水泥混凝土路面维修改造的方法之一。采用三维有限元法，分析了水泥混凝土路面板断裂尺寸与沥青加铺层的荷载应力、温度应力、耦合应力及基层顶面的压应力之间的关系，并在试验路研究的基础上，提出了旧水泥混凝土路面板合理的断裂尺寸。研究表明，路面板的断裂尺寸选择在80～100cm较为合理。     

浅谈水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土面层的处理方法

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土路面的应用在公路建设中越来越广泛。通过加铺沥青混凝土面层可以改善使用性能,提高行车质量,延长路面的使用寿命,美化路容路貌,提高路基的稳定性和路面的水稳性;同时利用旧水泥路面,造价低,施工方便。本文结合国道主干线连霍路树屏至徐家磨段部分路段的改造施工,着重介绍旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土面层中旧面板的处理办法及防止反射裂缝的一些措施,供同行借鉴、指正。     

合肥市二环路(宿松路～马鞍山路段)路面加铺改造设计

文章结合合肥市二环路(宿松路~马鞍山路段)旧水泥混凝土路面加铺改造设计,通过大量的技术分析及现场考察,较详细地阐述了旧水泥混凝土路面现状、交通量、旧水泥混凝土路面的病害处理、土工布及改性沥青的应用。实践证明,在旧水泥混凝土路面上直接加铺烧毛土工布能有效抑制和延缓反射裂缝的产生。     

复合式路面加铺技术应用实例研究

混凝土路面加铺沥青面层,是改造旧水泥混凝土路面行之有效的方法之一,国内外对在旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青混凝土层的方法目前尚处于研究与试验阶段。通过对重庆忠县县城市政道路改造工程（二期）现场进行水泥混凝土路面现状详细调查、统计,对资料的进一步收集与损坏原因分析,结合目前国内外改性沥青、沥青混合料发展现状及水泥混凝土路面改造应用技术的推广,提出了项目路面改造中路面病害修复和复合式路面加铺的方案,对水泥混凝土路面加铺橡胶沥青面层的施工技术进行了系统研究,使项目在技术水平和综合效益等方面有所创新。     

旧沥青混凝土路面冷再生施工技术探讨

旧沥青混凝土路面冷再生是利用旧路沥青混凝土及上基层经破碎加入水泥均匀拌和,在最佳含水量条件下碾压获得的半刚性结构。因此在工程开工前应认真对旧路沥青混凝土及上基层材料的种类、厚度等进行调查,以确定铣刨机作业速度,并实现混合料破碎后配比合理。本文对沥青混凝土旧路路面冷再生的施工工艺进行了总结。     

旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青罩的病害处理

随着城市快速的发展,过境交通与城市交通相互干扰,长途交通与短途交通相互交织,致使道路服务水平下降,旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青罩面是旧水泥混凝土路面改造常用的方法,本文通过工程实例,介绍了旧水泥路面病害处理的方法和防治反射裂缝产生的措施,强调了旧路改造应重视关键性技术问题的设计和施工。     

剖析多垂头破碎技术在高速公路施工中的应用

作为水泥混凝土路面碎石化技术的关键设备的多锤头破碎机,负责将水泥混凝土破碎到合适的粒径范围内。因其自动化程度较高、扰民少、施工成本低、效率高、能较好地解决水泥混凝土路面修复后的反射裂缝问题。介绍了旧混凝土路面多锤头破碎处治原理、施工工艺、质量控制指标和应用条件及在清连高速公路连州至凤埠段J2合同段混凝土路面破碎处治中的应用效果,其成果对旧混凝土路面加铺改造设计施工具有重要的参考应用价值。     

广西柳州至南宁高速公路路面加铺沥青混凝土面层平整度控制措施

随着使用年限的增加和路面病害的发展，柳州至南宁高速公路（以下简称“柳南高速”）的水泥混凝土路面行车舒适性显著下降等问题愈发凸出，对旧水泥混凝土路面实施改造的呼声也越来越高，而通过加铺沥青混凝土面层的方式改善行车条件则成为旧水泥混凝土路面改造的普遍方式。文章就柳南高速旧水泥路面加铺沥青路面平整度的控制，从旧路处治、施工缝处理、桥梁伸缩缝处理、机械选配及施工人员素质等方面进行了分析，在此基础上提出了如何保证和改善路面平整度的相应措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.