化学镀CuNiP-碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Cu—Ni—P合金,制备碳纳米管复合材料．并对制备出来的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射（XRD）表征．通过XRD对已制备的化学镀合金分析．得出沉积铜为立方面心结构而镍是非晶态．TEM观察复合碳纳米管,发现在其表面沉积有分散均匀纳米级的金属颗粒,Cu-Ni-P合金呈球形．     

Catalytic self-assembly preparation and characterization of carbon nitride nano-tubes by a solvothermal method

A solvothermal reaction of anhydrous CaNaCl3 and sodium using cyclohexane as solvent and NiCI2 as catalyst precursor has been carried out to prepare carbon nitride nanotubes successfully at 230℃ and 1.8 MPa. The carbon nitride nanotubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) and Raman spectrum.SEM and TEM results indicated that the tubes have a length of 20-30 μm, a uniform outer diameter of about 50-60 nm,an inner diameter of 30-40 nm and are highly ordered assembled as bundles. The EELS measurement indicated that the ratio of N/C was about 1.00. The ED and XRD analyses revealed that the tube may have a new CN crystalline structure. The growth mechanism of nanotubes was discussed.     

在超临界流体中将PtRu纳米粒子沉积在石墨烯片层及其电催化性能研究

在超临界二氧化碳的辅助下,使用乙酰丙酮铂和乙酰丙酮钌作为前驱体,甲醇作为共溶剂,H2作为还原剂,在200℃将PtRu纳米颗粒还原负载在石墨烯（EG）上.制备产物的形貌和微结构用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行了分析.同时,用相同的方法制备了PtRu/C（炭黑Vulcan XC-72）复合材料,将其与PtRu/EG对于甲醇氧化的电催化活性和稳定性也通过循环伏安和计时电流法进行了比较.研究证实,用超临界流体方法沉积在石墨烯上的PtRu纳米颗粒具有较小的平均粒径和尺寸分布.与PtRu/C相比,PtRu/EG复合材料对于甲醇电氧化展示出更高的电催化活性和稳定性.     

电弧法合成填充金属纳米粒子的碳纳米管

用阳极弧法合成了碳纳米管内包覆铁和钴等金属纳米粒子.对合成物用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)和Raman光谱等方法进行了鉴定和表征.发现包覆粒子的多壁碳纳米管的平均直径约为35nm,其端部和内部包覆的粒子不连续分布、粒径基本均匀,约为20nm.分析了阳极弧等离子体法合成碳纳米管内包覆金属纳米粒子的形成机理.     

微波法制备碳纳米管负载ZnCdS纳米粒子及其光催化性能

用微波法制备了碳纳米管负载ZnCdS纳米复合材料(ZnCdS/CNTs).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试表明:平均粒径为25 nm六方纤锌矿结构的ZnCdS纳米粒子均匀分散在碳纳米管表面.ZnCdS/CNTs纳米复合材料在可见光下光催化降解甲基橙和罗丹明溶液.结果表明:催化剂用量为0.02g/L条件下,对初始浓度均为100mg/L的甲基橙和罗丹明溶液进行可见光光照50min后,降解率分别达到97%和96.7%;催化剂重复使用3次后,光照50min后甲基橙和罗丹明的降解率仍可达到92%和91%.     

负载纳米银的聚氨酯胶束的抗菌性及细胞毒性的研究

本文研究了三类聚乙二醇接枝位置不同且表面负载纳米银的聚氨酯胶束的抗菌性能及生物相容性。通过DLS表征了聚氨酯在负载纳米银后的粒径和电位变化,紫外分光光度法检测聚氨酯负载的纳米银的含量。MIC表征了三类聚合物的抗菌性能,细胞活性实验和溶血实验表征了其复合材料的生物相容性。复合材料的内核PCL在脂肪酶作用下降解释放小尺寸纳米银从而提高抗菌性。实验数据表明负载纳米银的PEG-g-PU胶束的抗菌性能和生物相容性都优于其他两种结构的胶束(PEG-c-PU、PEG-b-PU)。并针对负载纳米银的PEG-g-PU胶束研究其对成熟生物膜的影响。     

功能化多壁碳纳米管增强涂层用于金属保护

通过多巴胺自发氧化聚合形成包裹的多壁碳纳米管（PDA@FMWCNT）.利用聚多巴胺（PDA）的易附着能力,在铜（Cu）表面构造了基于PDA@FMWCNT的复合材料薄膜.利用拉曼（Raman）光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子光谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料的结构进行了表征.利用电动位极化和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）法评价了PDA@FMWCNT在盐溶液中对金属的腐蚀保护性能.结果表明,PDA@FMWCNT复合涂层具有良好的防腐蚀性,并详细描述了其保护机理.     

氧化锰/碳纳米管超级电容器复合电极材料的制备

发展了一种简单的用二氧化锰修饰碳纳米管的方法.二氯化锰水溶液在微波辐射下直接转化为二氧化锰,所得的二氧化锰纳米颗粒沉积在碳纳米管上.透射电镜结果表明二氧化锰纳米颗粒尺寸分布均匀.场发射扫描电镜结果表明二氧化锰纳米颗粒和碳纳米管交错形成三维的网状结构.能谱证明了二氧化锰纳米颗粒沉积在碳纳米管上.循环伏安结果显示沉积二氧化...     

Evaluation of diameter distribution of inside cavities of open CNTs by analyses of nitrogen cryo-adsorption isotherm

Precise evaluation of innerdiameter distribution of open carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is the basis of systematic investigation of physico-chemical processes occurring in nano-sized quasi-1-dimensional carbons. Due to the porosity characteristics and adsorption properties, this study evaluated the innerdiameter and its distribution of carbon nanotubes by analyses of nitrogen cryo-adsorption isotherms, and proved that the gas adsorption method is an effective method to characterize the inner cavity structure in comparison with that of electron microscopy observations and Raman measurements. The advantages of this method are as follows: Firstly, statistical information for innerdiameter distribution of open nanotubes can be obtained; Secondly, the method based on the adsorption process in inner cavities is of importance for investigation of other physico-chemical pro- cesses inside the cavities of carbon nanotubes. And finally, if combining with other characterization methods, complete structural information for cavity can be acquired and these basic parameters are important for theoretical investigations and practical applications of carbon nanotubes.     

纳米银与纳米氧化锌混合物的抗菌活性

采用常温还原法合成纳米银及微波超声波组合法合成纳米氧化锌样品,运用X线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及UV—Vis光谱对样品的组成及形貌进行表征．将纳米银与纳米氧化锌进行混合,采用菌落计数法测定混合物对大肠杆菌（E．coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S．a／Are／AS）的抑菌活性．结果表明,所合成样品为分散性好的5nm银颗粒及均一棱柱状结构的纳米氧化锌．二者混合物在银含量减少一半时对两种细菌的抗菌活性明显高于单独的纳米银或纳米氧化锌,表明混合物中纳米银和纳米氧化锌在抗菌时发挥了协同作用．     

Microstructure characterization of PAN preoxidation fibers prepared with radio frequency plasma

Preoxidation plays a critical role in preparing carbon fibers. The microstructures formed in this process with surface morphology, internal construction shape, or- dered interval structure, lattice size, etc. determine the final structures and properties …     

类毛线团表面银微球的制备及其表面增强拉曼散射性能研究

以低分子量聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为模板,通过液相化学还原法首次制备了类毛线团表面银微球,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及氮气吸附法对银微球形貌及分散性进行表征。结果表明,微球是由纳米片有序组装而成的介孔材料,表面遍布棱角和狭缝。考察了PAM分子量、硝酸银浓度及还原体系pH值变化对银球结构的影响,并对类毛线团表面的形成过程进行了阐述。将银球用作表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）检测基底,可显著地增强罗丹明B（Rh B）分子的拉曼信号强度,能够检测出浓度低至10^-16mol/L的Rh B。     

Alignment of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polyacrylonitrile Fibers by Mechanical Drawing

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)nanocomposites were prepared by an in-situ polymerization method and the fibers from these composites were obtained by a wet-spinning process.The orientation behavior of MWNTs in the PAN fibers was investigated by X-ray diffraction and sound velocity methods.The dispersion and the alignment of the nanotubes were also studied by scanning electron microscopy.     

纳米材料对水中病原微生物的控制研究进展

 近年来,水资源的微生物安全性逐渐引起关注,传统的消毒技术（如氯消毒、紫外消毒）已不能满足社会发展的需求,纳米材料的迅速发展为水中病原微生物控制技术的革新提供了良机。本文综述了近年来利用零价金属纳米材料（如银、铁）、金属氧化物纳米材料（如二氧化钛）和碳基纳米材料（如碳纳米管）等纳米材料控制水中病原微生物的研究现状,分析了纳米材料去除水中病原微生物的机理,从纳米材料自身特性（如尺寸、化学组成、化学结构和表面修饰等）、微生物（如微生物种类、微生物初始浓度等）和环境条件（如pH值、溶解氧等）3个方面阐述了影响纳米材料去除水中病原微生物的主要因素,指出了纳米材料在去除病原微生物的应用中存在的问题,展望了纳米材料在水中病原微生物去除方面的发展方向。     

氨基化纳米银的制备及抗菌性研究

利用原位修饰法合成了表面氨基化纳米银,优化了纳米银的制备条件.通过紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换-红外光谱、X射线衍射、Zeta电势及透射电子显微镜等对其进行了分析和表征.对纳米银的抗菌性能进行了研究.结果表明:氨基化纳米银带有正电荷,能通过静电吸引作用结合表面带负电荷的细菌,使抗菌活性显著提高;氨基化的纳米银可有效抑制革兰氏阴性细菌和阳性细菌的生长;该材料可被应用于医学器件和细菌控制领域.     

Carbon nanotubes as nanoscale mass conveyors

The development of manipulation tools that are not too 'fat' or too 'sticky' for atomic scale assembly is an important challenge facing nanotechnology. Impressive nanofabrication capabilities have been demonstrated with scanning probe manipulation of atoms and molecules on clean surfaces. However, as fabrication tools, both scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes suffer from a loading deficiency: although they can manipulate atoms already present, they cannot efficiently deliver atoms to the work area. Carbon nanotubes, with their hollow cores and large aspect ratios, have been suggested as possible conduits for nanoscale amounts of material. Already much effort has been devoted to the filling of nanotubes and the application of such techniques. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have been used as probes in scanning probe microscopy. If the atomic placement and manipulation capability already demonstrated by scanning probe microscopy could be combined with a nanotube delivery system, a formidable nanoassembly tool would result. Here we report the achievement of controllable, reversible atomic scale mass transport along carbon nanotubes, using indium metal as the prototype transport species. This transport process has similarities to conventional electromigration, a phenomenon of critical importance to the semiconductor industry.     

碳纳米管负载镍修饰电极对碱液中葡萄糖的电催化氧化

采用湿化学法在碳纳米管(CNTs)上负载镍纳米粒子(CNTs-Ni),并制备CNTs-Ni修饰玻碳电极(CNTs-Ni/GCE).透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试表明:平均粒径为17 nm的面心立方镍纳米粒子分散在碳纳米管表面.循环伏安法测试表明:CNTs-Ni/GCE在碱性介质中的电化学行为具有良好的可逆性且对葡萄糖的电催化氧化具有良好的电催化活性;当葡萄糖浓度在0-0.04 mol/L,氧化峰电流密度与葡萄糖浓度呈良好的直线关系;浓度为0.05mol/L时氧化峰电流密度最大为20.2 mA/cm2,浓度大于0.05 mol/L之后,氧化峰电流密度逐渐减缓,电极的活性逐渐降低.     

反应参数对氢氧化钇纳米管合成的影响

通过简单的、低耗的水热合成方法,以Y2O3为原料,在无模板条件下大规模地制备了氢氧化钇纳米管,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)测试技术对合成产物进行了物相、形貌和成分的表征.氢氧化钇纳米管内径为200～300nm,外径为400～500nm,壁厚为100～200nm,分散性好.研究了几种关键因素对氢氧化钇纳米管合成的影响.结果表明:水热法制备氢氧化钇纳米管材料的最佳合成条件是乙醇和水的体积比为1∶2;采用氢氧化钠溶液调节反应体系pH值为11~12;反应温度为220℃、反应时间为24h.     

Different effects of substrates on the morphologies of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this work, different effects of substrates on the morphologies of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） are studied. SWNTs were produced by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition using CH4 as carbon source gas and Ar as carrier gas. Then the SWNTs were deposited on lithography-patterned different substrates. The as-grown SWNTs at the boundaries between SiO2 and metal were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that SWNTs deposited on low-conductivity substrates trend to have curved morphologies and some of them form rings, while SWNTs deposited on metal sub- strates remain straight and orientated. The mechanism of these effects was also discussed, which is closely related to the thermal conductivities and the principle of energy dissipation.     

氧化热处理对不锈钢基碳纳米管结构及其电化学检测性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积法,以不锈钢基体中的Fe、Ni等成分为催化剂,直接在其表面生长碳纳米管并进行氧化热处理。采用场发射扫描电镜观察制备的碳纳米管形貌及尺寸,并采用接触角测量方法检测试样亲水性质,结合透射电镜、拉曼光谱和XPS检测分析氧化热处理引起的碳管形貌和特征差异,最后考察尿酸在碳纳米管电极上的电化学响应。结果表明,氧化热处理使碳纳米管平滑的表面变得粗糙,暴露出了更多的边平面结构,并且碳纳米管从疏水变为超亲水状态,使其在电化学反应过程中电极表面能够更好地与溶液中的物质接触,有利于材料电化学性能的提高;以经过氧化热处理的碳纳米管为电极,能够在大量抗坏血酸存在的条件下选择性地测定尿酸。