煤中前沥青煤与沥青烯性质的研究

煤的溶剂抽出剂中前沥青烯与沥青烯的质量之比随煤化程度增加而增加,原位热解红外光谱研究结果表明,它们的热稳定性与其结构参数有关,芳香度高,甲基取代结构多的前沥青烯比沥青烯的热稳定性好。前沥青烯与沥青烯在溶剂分级过程中表现出的溶解性与其结构参数无必然联系,而与其酸碱组分间的氢键强度有关。前沥青烯中酸碱组分间的氢键强度为５．１５￣３０．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ;沥青烯为〈５．１５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

乙烯焦油沥青炭化过程中中间相沥青生成的动力学和结构研究

研究了乙烯焦油沥青、乙烯焦油沥青的沥青烯组分和催化改质乙烯焦油沥青在炭化过程中生成中间相沥青的动力学和显微结构的变化。采用溶剂抽提法、元素分析法、VPO平均分子量测定法、H—NMR和IR光谱法测定了几种ETP和中间相沥青的结构参数。     

煤与木屑共液化的动力学模型

基于煤与木屑以及高分子的中间产物和最终产物结构的不均匀性及煤与木屑中包含大量的顺序和平行反应的事实,提出一个模拟煤与木屑共液化的反应动力学模型。该模型认为煤与木屑共液化经历了以下过程;煤与木屑裂解生成沥青烯、前沥青烯和小分子的气态产物;沥青烯与前沥青烯进一步转化生成油,反应的活化能分别为59.8KJ/mol、43.7KJ/mol和84.0KJ/mol。其中,在一定的反应条件下煤与木屑以及沥青烯与前沥青烯均分为两部分;即可反应部分和不可反应部分,由此得到的理论值与实验值能够较好地吻合。     

用热重法研究硫酸铵及硫酸铵与氯化钾体系的热分解行为

用非等温热重法测定了硫酸铵及硫酸铵与氯化钾体系的热分解动力学参数,实验数据以Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ法处理得到硫酸铵第一步反应的活化能为Ｅ＝１２２．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝６．６９５×１０９Ｓ－１,第二步反应的活化能为１９５３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝１．３５９×１０１３Ｓ－１;硫酸铵与氯化钾体系第一步反应的活化能为６５３３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝３．０２３×１０４Ｓ－１,第二步反应的活化能为１９１５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝２．９８２×１０１５Ｓ－１。     

土霉素,甲烯土霉素和强力霉素的化学发光分析法

在碱性介质中,铜氨络离子会催化过氧化氢与土霉素、甲烯土霉素或强力霉素的化学发光反应,表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）对该反应具有增敏作用．发光强度与土霉素、甲烯土霉素或强力霉素的含量分别在８．０×１０－８～８．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、５．０×１０－８～５．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．０×１０－７～１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的范围内分两个量程呈线性关系．７次平行测定的相对标准偏差分别为１．８％～４．１％、２．４％～３．５％和２．５％～４．０％．标准加入的回收率为９９．６％～１０１．４％、９９．１％～１０２．３％和９９．４％～１０１．４％．应用于尿液中这３种四环素类药物的回收测定,结果满意     

漆树漆酶催化氧化对苯二胺反应的微量热法研究

在厌氧条件下，０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，用微量热法测定了２９８．１５Ｋ的漆树漆酶与对苯二胺反应的摩尔反应焓ΔｒＨｍ＝－１６３．３６±０．３６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ米氏常数Ｋｍ＝５．５８×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和表现一级反应速率常数ｋ１＝８．６３×１０＾－３ｓ＾－１及此条件下用对苯二胺作底物时的漆酶活性值ＥＡ＝０．０４５ＩＵ。     

煤液化动力学模型的研究~+

根据煤结构的不均匀性及煤液化中包含大量串联和并联反应的事实,提出了一模拟煤液化的数学模型。该模型把液化过程处理为两组不可逆反应的串联(即煤裂解生成沥青烯和前沥青烯;沥青烯和前沥青烯生成油),其中每组都包含一系列不同组分的平行反应,从理论上可认为这些反应的活化能服从高斯分布。这一模型能较好地描述同一煤中各组分液化难易程度的不同,也合理地解释了煤液化中表现反应活化能随转化率增加而上升的现象。由此得到的理论值不仅和实验数据一致,也和文献值较好符合。     

硝酸酯分子结构和水解机理研究（Ⅱ）─—硝酸乙酯

该文运用ＳＣＦ—ＭＯＡＭ１方法，通过能量梯度全优化计算，求得了硝酸乙酯的反式和傍式两种分子构象，两种构象间的能量差为３．５１ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。傍式比反式稳定，反式—傍式旋转势垒为２．３４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。由ＡＭ１法计算，制作了硝酸乙酯的碱性ＳＮ２水解位能曲线，求得活化能为６３．６０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。讨论了水解过程中反应体系的几何构型和电荷分布的变化规律。     

高岭石和NaZr_2P_3O_（12）为基的矿物快离子导体

利用天然矿物高岭石为原料，采用高温固相应制备了Ｎａ１＋２ｘＡｌｘＺｒ２－ｘＳｉｘＰ３－ｘＯ１２系统的矿物快离子导体材料．Ｘ射线衍射表明，该材料具有Ｎａｓｉｃｏｎ型的骨架结构，２９８～６７３Ｋ离子电导率为００１～１ｍＳ／ｃｍ，激活能４０５３～５２１１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，当ｘ＝０５时呈现最高电导率，在６７３Ｋ时其电导率达到２５ｍＳ／ｃｍ，它的活化能为４０５３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ     

注蒸汽条件下稠油中沥青质催化降解实验研究

利用高温高压反应釜研究了以自制的油溶性有机镍盐作为催化剂进行稠油中沥青质降解反应。正交试验确定了最佳反应条件为：反应温度240℃,反应时间24h,催化剂用量0.6wt%(以沥青质质量计算)。对反应前后的沥青质进行了元素测定,发现反应后H/C原子比增加,S含量的降低,沥青质相对分子质量的下降主要是桥链硫醚和桥链及侧链脂肪单元断裂的结果。采用红外光谱对反应前后沥青质的结构进行了测定,反应后沥青质中重质组分的结构发生了变化,重质组分的减少,轻质组分的增多。催化剂的加入可以降低沥青质分子内及分子间的极性相互作用,使沥青质分子骨架在空间里尽可能呈现松弛状态,与沥青质分子中的杂原子发生了作用,使部分氢键被破坏,部分C-R键发生断裂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.