瑞氏木霉内切-β-1,4葡聚糖酶基因Egl1的分子改造

为了提高瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)的纤维素酶活力,用分子改造的方法改造其内切-β-1,4葡聚糖酶基因Egl 1.用DNase I消化EglL 1,回收50～200bp的片段,用T4 DNA连接酶连接回收的片段,进行PCR反应,将PCR产物转入瑞氏木霉原生质体,用比较滤纸酶活力的方法筛选纤维素酶活力...     

液态混合菌发酵优化纤维素酶组分

在里氏木霉和黑曲霉液态混合条件下培养纤维素酶,分析两个菌种的接种比和延迟黑曲霉的接种时间对产酶的影响,探讨两个菌种发挥协同作用的最佳条件。结果表明:黑曲霉延迟接种48 h及里氏木霉与黑曲霉接种质量比1∶1时,所产纤维素酶的滤纸酶活为1.163μmol/(min.mL);β-葡萄糖苷酶活为0.606μmol/(min.mL),β-葡萄糖苷酶活与滤纸酶活比值为0.521,比单一里氏木霉产纤维素酶的酶活高,并在后续的酶解效果对比中表现最佳。48 h时的酶解得率为65.61%,高于里氏木霉单一培养时所产纤维素酶的得率53.91%和商品纤维素酶的得率49.64%。说明通过混合发酵,纤维素酶的组分得到了优化。     

混合菌液态发酵纤维素酶及发酵pH的优化

以优势互补为原则,采用绿色木霉、根霉混合发酵产纤维素酶.利用旋转回归法研究根霉、绿色木霉混合发酵生产纤维素酶的比例、pH两个重要的影响因素,并拟合出回归方程.回归分析表明,发酵过程中,混合菌比例、pH对滤纸酶活具有显著影响.通过岭脊分析寻优得出:绿色木霉、根霉的混合比例为1∶1、发酵初始pH为3.5,在此优化条件下滤纸酶活由优化前的2.73 IU/mL、3.15 IU/mL提高到5.418 IU/mL.     

碳源对里氏木霉β-聚糖酶合成的影响

研究了里氏木霉β-聚糖酶的生物合成,并比较了以玉米芯、纸浆、粗木聚糖为碳源对里氏木霉β-聚糖酶诱导合成的影响。结果表明:里氏木霉以15 g/L的玉米芯为碳源合成β-聚糖酶,培养4 d时滤纸酶活、羧基纤维素(CMC)酶活、纤维二糖酶活和木聚糖酶活分别为1.03 FPIU/mL、0.54、0.08和149.7 IU/mL;以纸浆为碳源,可得到较高纤维素酶活、较低木聚糖酶活的β-聚糖酶;以粗木聚糖为碳源,可制备低纤维素酶活的木聚糖酶,木聚糖酶活与CMC酶活的比值高达785.4,适合于纸浆的生物漂白。     

纸浆浓度及分批补料对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响

研究了摇瓶中不同浓度纸浆为碳源对里氏木霉产纤维素酶的影响.结果表明:最佳的碳源质量浓度为12g/L,在此条件下第3天的滤纸酶活、CMC酶活和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活分别为1.68、0.96和0.28U/mL.总碳源为15g/L下采用分批补料技术可以有效提高里氏木霉分泌纤维素酶.使用起始纸浆浓度为9g/L,第2、3、4天分别加入2g/L纸浆,其第3天的滤纸酶活、CMC酶活和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活分别为2.41、0.72和0.27U/mL,较15g/L纸浆为碳源分批培养滤纸酶活提高1.8倍.     

纤维素酶产生菌—木霉杂交育种试验初报

选育粗生、快长、纤维素酶活高、稳定性好的木霉菌株,是纤维素酶能否广泛应用于生产实践,提高粗饲料营养价值的重要环节。目前,生产上应用的菌株,凡粗生快长,长势好的一般酶活不高;而酶活稍高的则生长馒、长势差。例如,经多次强烈理化因素处理的绿色木霉E_(A3)——867,酶活较高,但菌种生活力下降、生长慢,孢子稀少,三级制曲开放培养较为困难,在生产上应用有一定局限性。这类菌株如再进一步诱变,酶活仍有提高,但长势越来     

用混合培养法提高木霉A10的纤维素酶活性

陕西省微生物研究所纤维素酶研究基地用纤维素酶生产的菌绿色木霉A10(Trichoderma viride A10),具有较高的产生内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶的能力,但其β-葡萄糖苷酶的产生能力较低。用改进的培养基和接种方法混合培养木霉和曲霉,不仅使β-葡萄糖苷酶活力比单纯培养木霉时提高3.2倍,而且內切和外切葡聚糖酶也同时增长24％和5％,滤纸酶活性增加59％.这种混合培养的方法为生产较高β-葡萄糖苷酶的纤維素酶提供了可能.     

纸质文物上的“寄居者”

为鉴定南京博物院馆藏书画覆背纸上的微生物种类,利用分子生物学方法,对污斑处进行分离及鉴定。为了验证实验获得的纯培养微生物是否具有降解和破坏纸张的能力,对分离微生物的纤维素酶酶活、木聚糖酶酶活及蛋白酶酶活进行了选择性测定。一共获得11株细菌和5株真菌,结果证实为9种细菌及2种真菌,它们主要属于芽孢杆菌属、链格孢属和木霉属。酶活测试显示,细菌中,泛菌属的纤维素酶酶活最高,短杆菌属的蛋白酶酶活最高,分别可达到1.76和6.57 U/mL。真菌的蛋白酶酶活普遍很低,木霉属的纤维素酶酶活和木聚糖酶酶活最高,分别是17.12和29.01 U/mL。实验结果有助于针对纸质文物的微生物侵蚀现象制定相关的保护措施。     

绿色木霉EU2-77纤维素酶对园艺废弃物的酶解特性分析

以溶剂萃取法对园艺废弃物进行预处理,利用本实验室自筛绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)EU2-77产生的纤维素酶对预处理前后的园艺废弃物进行酶解.结果表明,经过预处理的园艺废弃物的酶解产物总还原糖收率为未预处理的22.55倍.绿色木霉EU2-77纤维素酶分别与商业菌株里氏木霉(T.reesei)RUT C30纤维素酶和商业酶进行酶解性能比较,得出该酶酶解总还原糖收率(316.4 mg/g)高于商业菌株里氏木霉RUT C30纤维素酶(232.4 mg/g)和商业酶Celluclast1.5L(239.6 mg/g);而与商业酶Celluclast 1.5L+Novozym188混合液酶解能力(331.6 mg/g)以及Celic Ctec酶解能力(303.2 mg/g)相差不大.绿色木霉EU2-77产生的纤维素酶可望在园艺废弃物的回收利用方面得到推广应用.     

里氏木霉产酶菌株的选育研究

采用紫外线和亚硝酸联合诱变技术,得到产纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶的高产的菌株里氏木霉Y07.试验表明,诱变后菌株的木聚糖酶活由325 U/g,提高到28 500 U/g,相对于出发菌株提高了88倍;纤维素酶活由560 U/g,提高到2600 U/g,相对于出发菌株提高了4.6倍;β-葡聚糖酶活由480 U/g,提高到5500 U/g,相对于出发菌株提高了11.5倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.