植物油精炼废白土再生技术研究

植物油精制过程产生大量含油废白土,如果不能有效处理会对环境造成污染,同时也造成资源浪费。本论文采用溶剂抽提法对植物油精炼废白土进行再生研究,选用石油醚（沸程90～120℃）为非极性抽提溶剂,95%乙醇为极性抽提溶剂,分别用非极性溶剂和两种溶剂的混合溶剂对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土再生的最佳工艺条件：溶剂用量为100mL溶剂/100g废白土,温度50℃,抽提时间30～40min,石油醚和乙醇的体积比为4:1,抽提次数以3～4次为宜。在上述条件下,废白土中总油分得率达到28%以上,再生白土比表面积达到150m2·g-1,再生白土的脱色率、活性度、游离酸、粒度、水分等质量指标基本符合要求,吸附性能得到恢复。     

植物油精炼废白土再生技术的实验研究

植物油精制过程产生大量含油废白土,如果不能有效处理会对环境造成污染,同时也造成资源浪费。采用溶剂抽提法对植物油精炼废白土进行再生研究,选用石油醚(90~120℃)为非极性抽提溶剂,95%乙醇为极性抽提溶剂,首先用石油醚(90~120℃)对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的理想组分,然后用石油醚(90~120℃)和95%乙醇的混合溶剂对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的非理想组分。确定了废白土再生的最佳工艺条件:溶剂用量为100 m L溶剂/100 g废白土,石油醚和乙醇的体积比为4∶1,抽提温度50℃,抽提时间30~40 min,抽提次数以3~4次为宜。在上述条件下,废白土中总油分得率达到28%以上,再生白土比表面积达到150 m~2·g~(-1),再生白土的脱色率、活性度、游离酸、粒度、水分等质量指标基本符合要求,吸附性能得到恢复。     

用石油裂解的副产品-O型溶剂抽提烟煤的实验研究

在一般溶剂抽提试验基础上,用石油裂解副产品-O型溶剂在温和条件下对兖州烟煤进行了详细的抽提试验研究,对影响提产率的温度、时间和溶煤比,对添加剂、抽提预处理煤的溶剂和抽提煤的二次抽提进行了实验研究.结果表明(1)试验用石油裂解副产品是一种高效煤溶剂抽提物质;(2)适宜抽提条件为150℃,抽提时间1h,溶煤比为21;(3)添加适量的盐酸和硝酸可提高溶剂抽提率;(4)用稀硝酸预处理煤可大大提高煤的抽提率;(5)二次抽提可提高煤的总抽提率.本研究对于煤液化和纯煤制备具有一定意义.     

微波条件下抽提煤的实验研究

在微波辅助下,以神府煤为研究对象,四氢呋喃、乙醇、甲醇为溶剂,考察了抽提温度、时间、溶剂量及煤粒度对抽提率的影响,结果显示:上述3种沸点不同的溶剂抽提率达到其最佳值所需要的溶剂量及煤粒度相差不大但抽提温度有所不同;同时探讨了以四氢呋喃、丙酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,对不同变质程度煤的微波辅助抽提效果,结果是变质程度相似的煤在相同抽提条件下抽提率不同。运用红外光谱现代分析技术,对神府脱灰煤和溶剂抽提后的残煤进行结构对比分析,结果表明抽提并没有破坏煤的大分子结构。     

用石油裂解的副产品—O型溶液剂抽提烟煤的实验研究

在一般溶剂抽提试验基础上，，用石油裂解副产品-O型溶剂在温和条件下对兖州烟煤进行了详细的抽提试验研究，对影响提产率的温度、时间和煤比，对添加剂、抽提预处理煤的溶剂和抽提煤的二次抽提进行了实验研究。结果表明：（1）试验用石油裂解副产品是一种高效煤溶剂抽提物质；（2）适宜抽提条件为：150℃，抽提时间1h，溶煤比为2：1；（3）添加适量的盐酸和硝酸可提高溶剂抽提率；（4）用稀酸硝酸预处理煤可大大提高煤的抽提率；（5）二次抽提可提高煤的总抽提率。本研究对于煤液化和纯煤制备具有一定意义。     

不粘煤与主焦煤中溶剂抽提组分的碳化特性

对预热神木不粘煤及柳林主焦煤中不同溶剂抽提组分的碳化特性分别进行了比较研究。两种煤中不同溶剂抽提组分其碳化特性不同。煤及其溶剂抽提组分在碳化过程中中间相形成能力受其主组分的控制。     

华北海陆过渡相泥岩可溶有机质组成特征

通过溶剂抽提和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析,对华北海陆过渡相泥岩可溶有机质组成进行研究.结果表明:华北太原组—山西组泥岩的溶剂抽提率介于0.02％～0.23％,太原组抽提率略高于山西组,但均低于华南龙马溪组海相页岩;甲醇溶剂抽提率最高,正己烷溶剂抽提率最低;泥岩可溶有机质由大量的杂原子化合物和少量的脂肪烃组成,杂原...     

溶剂抽提损伤致裂煤体实验研究

致密煤层中瓦斯的运移和抽排与煤体的致裂损伤有着密切的联系,溶剂抽提致裂煤体、产生裂隙会有助于低渗透性煤层瓦斯的运移.本文对块体煤进行了不同种类溶剂的抽提损伤实验,测定了抽提损伤后煤体的孔隙率变化.溶剂种类对煤体的致裂损伤作用效果显著不同,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)抽提后的煤体形成了许多裂隙;二硫化碳和NMP混合溶剂体系对煤体的抽提存在协同作用,其对煤体的抽提损伤效应大于单种溶剂;NMP和NMP与二硫化碳混合溶剂抽提后煤体的孔隙率约是原煤体孔隙率的4倍和5倍,煤体的孔隙率增大十分明显;抽提物及抽提残煤体的红外光谱和热重分析表征结果表明,与原煤相比,抽提残煤中的脂肪烃类物质明显减少.     

低熟烃源岩的超强混合溶剂抽提及其地球化学意义

将一种新的、具有超强抽提能力的二硫化碳与N 甲基 2 吡咯烷酮混合溶剂 (CS2 NMP)用于抽提低熟烃源岩有机质 ,并将抽提结果与氯仿抽提、甲醇丙酮氯仿三元混合溶剂抽提进行了比较。研究结果表明 ,CS2 NMP混合溶剂在不破坏有机质化学结构的情况下对低熟烃源岩有机质有很强的抽提能力 ,是氯仿抽出量的 2～ 9倍 ,对部分低熟烃源岩有机质的抽出量达到 70 0mg/g以上。异常高的有机质抽出量表明 ,低熟烃源岩有机质中含有丰富的非共价键缔合结构 ,这对有机质演化有重要意义。　　抽出量     

二元复合溶剂对煤抽提的研究

作者通过对部分二元复合溶剂混合热、溶剂与煤的作用热、抽提率的测定,找出了抽提率与作用热之间的关系。结果表明,在所试验的范围内,以溶解度参数作为选择抽提煤的溶剂的依据,仅适用于烟煤,不适用于褐煤;以煤与溶剂的作用热为依据选择溶剂,同时适用于烟煤和褐煤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.