飞机主起落架撑杆接头疲劳寿命分析

某主起落架结构在设计初期的疲劳试验中暴露出撑杆接头为疲劳薄弱部位,不能满足飞机寿命的要求,需要对撑杆接头进行结构改进设计。运用MSC.Fatigue疲劳寿命分析软件,以设计初期的撑杆接头疲劳试验寿命为基础,对材料的S-N曲线进行适当修正得到零构件的S-N曲线,然后运用"类比法",对改进后的撑杆接头采用起落架实测载荷谱进行疲劳寿命分析。这种零构件寿命分析方法计算结果可靠性较高,分析后认为改进的撑杆接头能够满足飞机寿命的要求,在后期的主起落架疲劳试验中改进设计的撑杆接头通过了疲劳试验验证。     

城轨列车转向架铝合金焊接枕梁的抗疲劳设计

以城轨列车转向架铝合金枕梁为研究对象,基于Miner线性累积损伤理论和NASA小载荷S-N曲线延伸法,对枕梁主要焊缝进行了疲劳寿命评估.依据线路实测数据得到枕梁的载荷工况,设计了枕梁的疲劳试验方案.对没有通过疲劳试验的区域,采取了优化连接筋板厚度和减小应力集中等措施.结果表明铝合金枕梁新结构能够满足疲劳寿命要求.     

船用夹芯复合材料接头疲劳裂纹扩展研究

以船用L型夹芯复合材料连接接头为研究对象,将结构刚度退化作为夹芯复合材料连接接头在疲劳载荷作用下的观察变量,建立了以连接接头剩余刚度为表征参量的疲劳累积损伤状态量D的失效准则.通过对L型连接接头在疲劳累积损伤过程中裂纹发生、扩展直至破坏的整个失效过程的形态进行研究,最终揭示了船用复合材料典型连接结构累积失效规律.结果表明:复合材料接头刚度在疲劳过程中,分为缓慢下降与急剧下降两个阶段,刚度缓慢下降阶段占据了试件疲劳周期的95%,刚度急剧下降阶段仅发生在疲劳崩溃情况下,并伴随裂纹快速扩展直至断裂的过程.     

基于累积损伤的张力腿平台疲劳及时变可靠性评估

张力腿平台在各种恶劣海况和复杂交变载荷作用下,平台结构疲劳破坏是结构失效的重要形式.首先,基于累积损伤的疲劳寿命谱分析方法,系统地建立了平台关键部位的疲劳可靠性分析方法.然后,建立张力腿平台的整体结构模型,计算得到其在工作海况下主体结构的应力传递函数.同时引入疲劳累积损伤增加函数,提出了一种针对平台各关键部位的疲劳可靠性的时变性分析方法,得到张力腿平台的时变疲劳可靠度,并通过实例计算验证了方法的适用性和可靠性.     

夹芯复合材料T型接头弯曲疲劳损伤机制及剩余强度试验研究

为了解夹芯复合材料T型接头在弯曲疲劳载荷作用下的损伤特征模式及剩余强度特性,以疲劳加载试验机和万能材料试验机为测试平台,开展了该型接头的弯曲疲劳试验以及疲劳加载前后的静力弯曲破坏对比试验。通过接头疲劳加载前的静力弯曲破坏试验,获取了结构初始破坏载荷并观测了损伤特征模式。试验研究结果表明,在弯曲疲劳载荷作用下,接头结构刚度呈现渐进退化特征且随疲劳载荷峰值的上升呈加速趋势,接头的疲劳损伤模式主要为水平基座夹芯板两侧简支边界位置泡沫芯材的剪切损伤,泡沫芯材力学性能的退化导致结构刚度的渐进式下降。进一步的试验结果对比分析表明,该型接头的疲劳安全峰值载荷可取为结构初始损伤载荷的70%,在疲劳安全峰值载荷范围内并经历105次弯曲疲劳循环后,接头的初始刚度和极限承载弯矩与疲劳承载前基本相当。     

风力发电机齿轮箱加速疲劳试验技术分析

针对风力发电机齿轮箱的高可靠性要求,提出了一种加速疲劳试验技术方法来验证齿轮箱的疲劳可靠性.根据齿轮箱的设计载荷谱,推导了其主要零件在寿命周期内的等效栽荷和应力循环次数;应用Miner线性累积疲劳损伤理论,计算了齿轮和轴承在设计寿命周期内的疲劳损伤度;采用线性强化载荷谱的方法建立了风电齿轮箱加速疲劳试验载荷谱,结果在大约800 h左右就验证了齿轮箱的疲劳可靠性.     

混凝土疲劳损伤累积神经网络模型

针对混凝土疲劳累积损伤的发展受荷载、材料性质等多种因素影响、很难用显式的数学函数表达的难题，基于神经网络方法提出了一个考虑变幅疲劳的级数和加载顺序影响的混凝土疲劳损伤累积模型，采用神经网络技术描述了其与材料性能、荷载应力间复杂的非线性映射关系，准确反映了混凝土疲劳损伤演变的真实过程，并运用离散系统仿真原理构造了退凝土变幅疲劳寿命预测的智能化仿真系统．该系统可用于结构抗疲劳设计和疲劳可靠性分析、有损结构损伤评估及维修决策．     

基于剩余强度衰减退化的非线性累积损伤准则及其可靠性定寿

零件的疲劳破坏是一个损伤逐步累积、承载能力逐步下降的过程,其疲劳强度随其承受的载荷和频次而不断衰减.通过研究疲劳过程中材料剩余强度衰减退化的规律,从疲劳损伤的定义出发,把剩余强度退化通过一个衰减系数引入到损伤的定义中,提出考虑材料强度性能退化的非线性累积损伤模型来修正Corten-Dolan理论模型.该模型不但考虑了载荷间的相互作用效应,而且还考虑了载荷加载历史引起的强度退化的影响.同时提出了一种基于剩余强度衰减退化的零件疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法,即在假设剩余强度分布服从对数正态分布下,用零件的剩余疲劳损伤强度计算疲劳可靠度和预测零件疲劳可靠性寿命.通过基于修正Corten-Dolan模型的疲劳寿命预测和算例对比分析,该模型完善了传统Corten-Dolan理论模型的适用范围,提高了预测精度.以恒幅载荷作用下的疲劳可靠性描述为例,通过对比模型分析值和实验值,证实了基于剩余强度衰减退化的疲劳寿命可靠性分析模型的可行性,并可以推广至多级载荷作用下的疲劳可靠性寿命的预测.     

超静定结构系统疲劳可靠性分析的蒙特卡洛方法

研究了超静定结构系统疲劳失效的渐进性质,考虑到疲劳损伤的累积及疲劳破坏过程中载荷的重新分起,导出了系统破坏过程中的若干基本关系。在此基础上,建立了用蒙特卡洛方法模拟系统疲劳破坏的实际过程并计算整个结构系统疲劳失效概率的流程。进一步研究了采用重用性抽样技术提高抽样效率的问题。在例题中利用蒙特卡洛方法的计算结果对采用一阶可靠性方法分析的结果进行了检验。     

某乘用车后副车架疲劳耐久性能改进分析

某乘用车路试时出现后副车架开裂现象,为了解决这个问题,采集道路载荷谱,结合有限元法对该后副车架进行疲劳损伤分析,得到疲劳失效部位与路试开裂位置一致,确定结构薄弱部位并验证疲劳损伤分析的可行性.通过结构局部加强改进设计,再次计算疲劳损伤值,计算结果满足标准,通过路试不再出现开裂现象,满足疲劳特性要求,达到预期目标.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to