溶胶乳化法制备纳米SnO2的晶化及其颗粒持性

采用改进的溶胶乳化法制备了纳米ＳｎＯ２粉末，由Ｘ射线衍射实验测定了纳米ＳｎＯ２粉体的晶化动力学，并采用穆斯堡尔谱技术研究了它超精细场参数与颗粒精细结构，随着处理的温度升高，无论晶化长大或超精细场参数均分二个阶段发生变化。当热处理温度低于５００℃时，ＳｎＯ２粉末的平均晶粒尺寸小于１５ｎｍ，纳米ＳｎＯ２颗粒由近似非晶态的表面相与晶态的体相构成。     

氧缺位对纳米SnO2喇曼谱及超精细参数的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶技术制备了ＳｎＯ２纳米微粉，测定晶粒尺寸在３～１５ｎｍ范围内ＳｎＯ２的喇曼光谱，并由穆斯堡尔谱给出其表面相与晶体相的超精细参数．此外还测定了氧缺位对分别在真空与氧气氛下退火的试样的喇曼谱的影响，并从超精细参数的变化给予解释．     

纳米SnO2和分子筛封装纳米SnO2簇的制备

采用改良的液相法制备出纳米ＳｎＯ２超微粒，以及在分子筛的笼穴之中合成出纳米ＳｎＯ２簇．利用ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ和Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱（穆谱）对２种纳米粒子的微观结构状态进行了表征．ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ测得液相法制备的ＳｎＯ２超微粒晶粒度为１０ｎｍ左右．穆谱研究表明２种纳米ＳｎＯ２微晶的穆谱均由体相原子和界面相原子２套子谱所组成．穆谱研究还证实了分子筛封装纳米ＳｎＯ２簇微粒的分布均匀程度明显高于液相法制得的纳米ＳｎＯ２．     

制备工艺对SnO_2超细粉颗粒度的影响

用液相沉淀法，在分析纯ＳｎＣｌ４·５Ｈ２Ｏ水溶液中滴加分析纯ＮＨ３含量为２５％～２８％的ＮＨ４ＯＨ水溶液，得到粒度为几个纳米至二十几个纳米的ＳｎＯ２超细粉末；系统研究了ＳｎＣｌ４的浓度、滴加ＮＨ４ＯＨ水溶液的速度、干燥方法、煅烧温度及粉末中氯离子的含量对最终粉末颗粒度的影响规律，并探讨了影响机理     

纳米SnO_2的氧缺陷研究──Mossbauer谱与PAT寿命谱

本文采用Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱和ＰＡＴ寿命谱对纳米ＳｎＯ_２进行研究。结果表明，纳米ＳｎＯ_２的界面相和在真空环境处理造成的氧缺陷，使Ｓｎ４＋的离子特征下降，改变了样品的超精细结构参数。根据正电子在表面缺陷湮没的两种不同机制，分析了捕获缺陷的类型及其浓度的变化情况。实验表明，纳米ＳｎＯ_２晶界缺陷处Ｓｎ原子附近的电子密度较大，结构中的氧缺陷使电子密度进一步增大。     

Zn_2SiO_4:Mn纳米微晶薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其光致发光性质研究

以硝酸锌，硝酸锰，正硅酸乙酯，无水乙醇为主要原料，用溶胶－凝胶提拉法制备了Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ薄膜．并利用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、荧光分光光度计和多频荧光寿命仪等对薄膜进行了分析．结果表明，采用上述先驱物通过溶胶－凝胶过程可获得均匀致密的薄膜．在空气中干燥后于适当温度下热处理可得到纳米微晶Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４：Ｍｎ薄膜．其荧光寿命从常规粉末材料的的ｍｓ量级缩短至ｎｓ量级     

流态化化学气相淀积制备Al_2O_3－SnO_2复合粒子的研究

利用流态化化学气相淀积（ＣＶＤ）制备Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｎＯ＿２复合粒子。探讨了ＳｎＯ＿２在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３超细颗粒上的包敷状态，考察了反应温度、反应物进料浓度比、反应时间等对反应结果的影响。结果表明，ＳｎＯ＿２在复合粒子团聚体体相中呈均匀分布，形成Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｎＯ＿２复合粒子，ＳｎＯ＿２均匀淀积在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３超细颗粒原生粒子表面，流态化ＣＶＤ包敷效果优于非流化过程；随反应时间的延长，产物中ＳｎＯ＿２含量线性递增；而当反应温度高于３００℃，反应物Ｈ＿２Ｏ和ＳｎＣｌ＿４配比大于４：１时，ＳｎＯ＿２含量基本保持不变。     

SnO2：Pd／Si新气敏特性的研究

用ＣＶＤ法在（１１１）和（１００）单晶硅衬底上沉积ＳｎＯ２或ＳｎＯ队：Ｐｄ薄膜．在不同温度下，测量ＳｎＯ２／Ｓｉ表面吸附Ｈ２或ＣＯ等还原性气体后光电压的变化．结果表明：ＳｎＯ２：Ｐｄ／Ｓｉ的光电压变化，可以灵敏检测Ｈ２、ＣＯ等气体，讨论了ＳｎＯ２：Ｐｄ／Ｓｉ的气敏机理．     

流态化化学气相淀积制备Al2O3—SnO2复合粒子的研究

利用流态化化学气相淀积（ＣＶＤ）制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｎＯ２复合粒子。探讨了ＳｎＯ２在Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细颗粒上的包敷状态，考察了反应温度，反应物进料逍度比，反应时间等对反应结果的影响。结果表明，ＳｎＯ２在复合粒子团聚体体相中呈均匀分布，形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｎＯ２复合粒子，ＳｎＯ２均匀淀积在Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细颗粒原生粒子表面，流态化ＣＶＤ包敷效果优于非流化过程，随反应时间的延长，产物中ＳｎＯ２含量线性递增；而当反     

Co－Sn替代钡铁氧体的穆斯堡尔谱研究

对Ｃｏ－Ｓｎ替代钡铁氧体系列样品进行了室温下的￣（５７）Ｆｅ穆斯堡尔谱测试，给出了各子谱的相对强度、各晶位的超精细磁场与替代浓度的关系．ＭＳ结果表明，Ｃｏ－Ｓｎ对Ｆｅ原子的取代是在１２ｋ晶位上进行的．采用晶场作用下的单粒子模型，由ＭＳ结果出发，对宏观磁性浓度的变化作了理论分析，所得结论与宏观磁性测量结果相一致．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.