2维O(1,1)对偶弦模型中的宇宙学解

研究了2维O(1,1)对偶弦模型中的β函数,推导了β函数的重整化群方程,获得了无弦源耦合与弦源耦合的宇宙学解,还讨论了这些解的一般性质.结果表明弦源耦合的宇宙学解具有自对偶性,并可用来描述前大爆炸时宇宙的演化过程.     

弦宇宙学基础

本书是目前第一本介绍弦宇宙学方面知识的专著。主要内容是介绍弦宇宙学方面的基本知识，包括弦和标准宇宙学的基本常识，以及弦在宇宙学中的应用、弦理论对原初宇宙可能的影响，还详尽地讨论了通过求解弦方程而得到的一些新的宇宙学模型。本书的目标是提供一个基本而详尽的关于弦宇宙学的介绍，它全面地总结了本领域15年来的研究成果，并简要介绍了目前的一些新进展。     

消除宇宙真空畴壁的一个可能的模型

通过对共形平直时空中具有分立对称性规范群自发破缺机制的分析,指出宇宙学相变之后尽管可以有宇宙弦和磁单极子解,但不存在Kink 解,这样消除了目前宇宙中不应出现的破坏3°K 背景辐射各向同性的真空区域结构和真空畴壁.     

宇宙创生于真空涨落

讨论了宇宙的创生问题,发现共形不变物质场的真空单圈近似下的Brans-Dicke方程存在自洽、严格的宇宙解,且此解有初始奇点。无论是Einstein理论还是Brans-Dicke理论,都容许物质场的真空涨落创生宇宙。     

内空间的整体不稳定性和动态紧致

借助弦理论的相关知识,拓展了我们的(3+1)维宇宙, 构造出了包含紧致内空间的宇宙模型,并提出了一种新的宇宙起源思路---稳定宇宙是从原始的整体不稳定的高维闵氏时空自发演化而成.为了实现这个模型, 在爱因斯坦引力基础上引入了质量场和高阶曲率项.加入二阶高斯-博内项后, 可以得到稳定的解, 但这个解不能和真实宇宙的任何阶段相匹配.继续加入质量场后,可以得到包含紧致内空间的稳定解,但解的外空间部分的维数只能是1或2.最后,考虑3阶洛夫洛克引力,将外空间部分的维数拓展到了3维,从而实现了宇宙起源思想.      

膜世界宇宙学的扰动研究

首先介绍了膜世界宇宙学的发展和膜宇宙的密度扰动理论,然后具体研究了RS2模型中的膜宇宙学方程,重点分析了其有效爱因斯坦方程和修正的Friendmann方程及其解,最后我们研究了膜世界宇宙学的标量扰动,给出了膜世界宇宙学的密度扰动方程.     

衰变粒子宇宙学模型中的宇宙学常数

本文在M.S.Turner提出的衰变粒子宇宙学模型的基础上,引入宇宙学常数Ω,得出了具有宇宙学常数入的衰变粒子宇宙学的动力学方程组,解决了Turner模型所遇到的宇宙年龄过小的困难.通过上机计算求得了宇宙尺度因子随时间的演化曲线和宇宙中各能量成分的能量密度随时间的演化曲线,并讨论了引入宇宙学常数后,减速因子和衰变粒子质量以及对宇宙未来演化的影响.     

二维诱生引力的量子宇宙学波函数

本文用超空间方法对其有宇宙学常数的二维诱生引力进行量子化。我们用等效约束方法精确求解了宇宙波函数Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ－Ｄｅｗｉｔｔ方程，并且讨论了波函数的行为。     

宇宙几何的拓扑模型假说

利用拓扑学的结果提出了宇宙在空间上的一个拓扑模型假说,即宇宙在空间上拓扑同胚于 S~3——三维球面粘合一对对径点得到的商空间,这一模型与其它宇宙学模型综合后似乎能说明更多的宇宙学问题;如奇点问题,宇宙不断创生问题等,因而可能更本质地把握宇宙的空间几何特性.     

含有相互作用的高维全息暗能量

使用高维黑洞作为能量截断,可以将通常的全息暗能量模型推广为高维全息暗能量模型.研究以一种特定的相互作用形式与物质耦合的5维全息暗能量模型,并分别取哈勃视界和未来事件视界作为红外截断.与其他包含相互作用项的宇宙学模型不同,当取哈勃视界作为红外截断时,在此模型中宇宙可以避免进入一个大撕裂的未来;在取未来事件视界做红外截断时,发现约束宇宙演化的方程没有稳定的吸引子解.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-