Effects of Hydrophilic Monomer Types and Level on Polystyrene-Acrylate/montmorillonite Nanocomposite Made by Emulsion Polymerization

1 Results Nanocomposite has attracted more and more interest all over the world.Polystyrene (PS) is a commercialized and mass-productive polymer,continuous research efforts have been devoted to the development of polystyrene/montmorillonite (PS/MMT) nanocomposites[1-2].But the polarity of styrene (St) is too small to intercalate the space between the clay layers.The polarity of hydrophilic monomer is so strong that it can intercalate the MMT easily,the intercalated smectic clays maybe exfoliated by using a polymer to form nanocomposites.In this work,organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was made by pristine montmorillonite and cetyl trimethylammonium brimide.The two kind of nanocomposite,polystyrene-acrylate/Na-MMT (PSA/MMT) and PSA/OMMT were prepared from styrene,hydrophilic acrylate monomer and MMT or OMMT by in site emulsion polymerization,respectively.Hydrophilic acrylate monomer [beta-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA),acrylic acid(AA),methyl acrylate(MA)] type,level and emulsifier type on the thermal stability of two nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG),the structure of composites was characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results showed that the thermal stability of the two composites were enhanced by the addition of HEMA,AA or MAA,and PSA/OMMT nanocomposite had higher thermal stability than that PSA/MMT nanocomposite,and also HEMA had better improvement for both nanocomposites than MAA and AA.In addition,the thermal stability of the nanocomposite made by emulsifier SDS was better than that by emulsifier SDBS.Acknowledgement:Thanks to the financial support of key laboratory of new material and processing technology of Guangxi province(063006-5C-06).     

Preparation and characterizat ion of polypropylene/silica composite particl e with interpenetrating network via hot emulsion sol–gel approach

A novel interpenetrating structural ultrafine polypropylene-silica nanocomposite particles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel approach in the presence of the melt polypropylene emulsion. A series of samples with different polypropylene content was prepared to investigate the unique characteristics of this original nanocomposite. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the nanocomposites had the interpenetrating structure and good thermal stability,and the crystallization behavior of polypropylene was confined by the silica matrix. The interpenetrating structure of nanocomposites was also suggested by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement results. The scanning electronic microscope and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites had irregular particle morphology. The nanoparticle tracking analysis results show that the mean size of the nanocomposites was around 160 nm. According to the results obtained from different measurements,a reasonable formation mechanism was proposed.     

Preparation and performance of lipophilic α-zirconium phosphate with high thermal stability and its application in thermal-plastic polymers

To prepare lipophilic α-zirconium phosphate with high grafting ratio and thermal stability(OZrP-HT) and explore its potential application in thermal-plastic polymers,a novel method was developed by surface lipophilicity enhancement strategy.The commercial a-zirconium phosphate(a-ZrP) was pre-intercalated by n-propylamine(PA) and grafted by silane coupling agents.Then the pre-intercalated PA was removed by heattreatment,and the obtained OZrP-HT was utilized to fabricate the phosphorous-containing polyester(P-co-PET)/OZrP-HT nanocomposites by melt-blending method.The prepared OZrP-HT and P-co-PET/OZrP-HT nanocomposites were characterized by Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction(WAXD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA),Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM),etc.The results show that OZrP-HT with high grafting ratio(13.78 wt%) and thermal stability(T_(onset)= 368℃) was successfully prepared via this novel method and was uniformly intercalated by P-co-PET molecular chains.OZrP-HT had no significant effect on the fiber processability of P-co-PET polymer,and flame retardant properties of(P-co-PET)/OZrP-HT nanocomposites were improved.This method may be suitable for organic modification of general inorganic layered compounds and could extend the potential applications in thermo-plastic polymers.     

Preparation and Structural Characterization of Polystyrene-Rectorite Nanocornposites

The polystyrene/reetorite nanocomposites were prepared by free radical polymerization of styrene containing dispersed organophilic rectorite. The structures and thermal properties of these hybrids have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and thermal gmvimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. It was found that exfoliation of reetorite in polystyrene (PS) matrix was achieved. The average free-volume radius in the PS/clay nanocomposites is generally same as that in PS. Along with increment of reetorite contents, the interface between reetorite and polystyrene matrix increases, and the free-volume concentration decreases obviously. And the polystyrene nanocomposites have higher thermal deeomrosition temoemture than oure PS.     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

Preparation,thermal stability and biocompatibility studies of gelatin-induced hydroxyapatite co-substituted with essential physiological trace elements

Gelatin-induced hydroxyapatite with combined substitution of essential physiological trace elements(G-FAP)was prepared by a precipitation method.Pure hydroxyapatite(HAP)and ion-substituted hydroxyapatite(FAP)were also prepared for comparison.The characteristics of the precipitated powders were determined using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),specific surface area measurement(SSA),X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis.The biocompatibility was also determined by an in vitro investigation with MC3T3-E1 cells.SEM and TEM results showed that the G-FAP powders were composed of dense aggregates of agglomerated whisker-like crystals of200–300 nm in length and 10–20 nm in width.XRD and FT-IR analyses indicated the formation of pure apatite phase,and the substituted ions and gelatin did not change the diffraction pattern of the precipitated powders.The SSAs of the precipitated powder were 64.741,72.492,and107.745 m2/g,for HAP,FAP,and G-FAP,respectively.XRF analysis showed that Na+,Mg2+,and F-were substituted into the crystal lattice.TG results showed a reduced thermal stability of the precipitated G-FAP powders,with an advanced phase transformation beginning at800°C and a serious phase transformation from hexagonal apatite phase to rhombohedral b-TCP phase at 1,200°C in comparison with HAP and FAP.In vitro biological tests showed non-cytotoxic effects for all powders.However,G-FAP stimulated the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells earlier than HAP and FAP.The present G-FAP will therefore be a promising primary biomaterial for bone regeneration,tooth filling,or as a coating for metal artificial limbs.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

机械合金化法制备的Cu/SiC纳米复合材料的组织、热性能和力学性能评估

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD analyses showed that with increasing SiC content, the microstrain and dislocation density increased, while the crystal size decreased. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites was less than that of the Cu matrix. The improvement in the CTE with increasing sintering temperature may be because of densification of the microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites showed noticeable enhancements with the addition of SiC and sintering temperatures, where the microhardness and apparent strengthening efficiency of nanocomposites containing 8wt% SiC and sintered at 875°C were 958.7 MPa and 1.07 vol%?1, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sample slightly decreased with additional SiC and increased with sintering temperature. The prepared Cu/SiC nanocomposites possessed good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties.     

Structural characteristics,dispersion, and modification of fibrous brucite

Fibrous brucite has very unique structure and physical properties. Brucite fibers were exfoliated into single nanofibers by using dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a dispersant through mechanical agitation and ultrasonic dispersion; and then, the nanofibers were modified by stearic acid and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (γ-APS) compound modification agent. The nanofibers were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analysis. It is found that AOT has good effect on the dispersion. The single fiber has a consistent morphology, and fibrous brucite is dispersed and modified without destroying the crystal structure. Infrared and thermal analysis shows that the surface modification of fibrous brucite is achieved by forming chemical bonds between the coupling agent and magnesium hydroxide.     

Modified disordered carbon prepared from 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

To prepare an anode material for Li-ion batteries with high discharge capacity and good cycling stability, disordered carbon (DC) formed by calcinations of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was modified via an acid treatment using a mixture of HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. The modified disordered carbon (MDC) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra confirm the successful introduction of carbonyl groups onto the DC surface. Some pores appear in the columnar structure of MDC, as observed in SEM micrographs. Li+ ions intercalation/deintercalation is facilitated by the modified morphology. Electrochemical tests show that the MDC exhibits a significant improvement in discharge capacity and cycling stability. These results indicate that the MDC has strong potential for use as an anode material in Li-ion batteries.     

P（MMA-MA）／OMMT纳米复合材料的制备及表征

通过原位乳液聚合法合成了聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸甲酯)(P(MMA-MA))/有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了OMMT在P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料中的分散状况;用热失重分析仪(TGA)研究了材料的热稳定性;用裂解色谱-质谱联用仪(PGC-MS)分析了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)及P(MMA-MA)热降解机理.分析结果表明:P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料中已经形成了部分插层、部分剥离的结构;P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性随着OMMT加入量的增加而提高,并且当OMMT质量分数为5%时,其耐热性最好.另外,第二单体丙烯酸甲酯(MA)的加入也会增加P(MMA-MA)/OMMT的热稳定性.当甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与MA的质量比为40∶20时,在失重率为10%的热分解温度比PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的高25.3K.     

阻燃聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的燃烧性能

采用X射线衍射和透射电镜对所制备的聚丙烯/蒙脱土（PP/MMT）插层纳米复合材料的结构进行表征;通过热分析、锥形量热、氧指数、垂直燃烧测试对其热解和燃烧性能进行了研究.热分析表明蒙脱土片层在热解过程中显示出能量阻隔作用,提高了材料的热稳定性和成炭量;蒙脱土片层与膨胀型阻燃剂之间的协效作用使得纳米复合材料热释放速率、CO与CO2释放量及比消光面积明显降低;将不同阻燃级别的材料制成电视机壳进行全尺寸锥形量热仪实验表明,V-0级别的阻燃聚丙烯材料的火灾危险性最小.     

插层改性水滑石对环氧/氰酸酯基纳米复合材料力学和热稳定性的影响

以阴离子交换法组装合成十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)插层水滑石(LDHs-SDS),X线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱分析表明SDS已成功插层到水滑石(LDHs)层间。将插层好的LDHs-SDS应用于环氧/氰酸酯共固化体系的改性,主要探讨了LDHsSDS对环氧/氰酸酯基纳米复合材料热稳定性和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着LDHs-SDS的加入,复合材料的热稳定性基本保持不变,但阻燃性得到明显改善。此外,加入适量的LDHs-SDS可以提高复合材料的弯曲性能和冲击性能。     

壳聚糖/酸化蛭石纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以可生物降解材料壳聚糖为基体,制备了一系列不同比例的壳聚糖/酸化蛭石(HVMT)纳米复合材料.WAXD和TEM试验结果表明HVMT可以有效剥离并分散在壳聚糖基体中形成剥离型纳米复合材料.与壳聚糖相比,纳米复合材料的热性能随着酸化蛭石含量的增加有明显提高,在蛭石含量仅为2%的情况下,材料的T<,-10%>增加了141℃.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的热氧老化性能

用3种蒙脱土(原土、OMMT1、OMMT2)与聚丙烯分别熔融插层复合.经X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,3种蒙脱土均与聚丙烯成功插层复合,制备出聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.重点研究聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热氧老化性能.结果表明,在聚丙烯材料中,添加少量蒙脱土不但可以提高材料的力学性能,而且明显改善材料的抗热氧老化性能.对3种PP/MMT复合材料热氧老化样品进行傅立叶红外(FTIR)分析和表面形貌观察,发现蒙脱土片层在聚丙烯中插层复合越充分(乃至剥离),其抗热氧老化效果就越明显.     

Preparation and characterization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane grafted montmorillonite and acid-activated montmorillonite

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane grafted montmorillonites were synthesized with montmorillonite, acidactivated montmorillonites and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in ethanol-water mixture. The resulting products were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG). XRD patterns demonstrated that silane was intercalated into the montmorillonite gallery, indicated by increasing basal spacings. These intercalated silanes probably adopt bilay...     

微波诱导快速制备高岭石/二甲亚砜插层复合物

首次将微波技术引入到制备高岭石/有机物插层复合材料的研究.采用微波诱导二甲亚砜(DMSO)对高岭石进行插层,大大缩短了处理时间,且达到了较理想的插层效果.研究发现,微波诱导插层时间为30 min时,插层率即可达到75%以上;同时使用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG/DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段,对插层复合物进行表征,进一步研究微波在反应中的作用;还发现微波在反应中对高岭石具有剥片效果.     

SBS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研制

分别采用溶液插层法和熔融插层法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射和红外光谱仪对材料的结构进行表征,并对产品的力学性能和耐热性能进行分析.结果表明,添加有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对于所有复合材料均产生增强效果,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率增加50%左右,耐热性能有所增强.     

石墨烯/ZnSe纳米复合物的制备及电化学发光性质

将还原的氧化石墨烯加入合成的ZnSe纳米粒子溶液中,在超声作用下形成石墨烯/ZnSe纳米复合物.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析测试手段对所得产物的形貌、晶型进行了表征,测试了所得产物的紫外吸收光谱和电化学发光行为,研究了影响复合物电化学发光性质的因素,探讨了复合物分析应用的可行性.     

壳聚糖/累托石纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用溶液插层法制备了不同累托石含量的壳聚糖/累托石纳米复合材料,研究了累托石含量、层间距对复合材料性能的影响及不同累托石含量的复合材料的热稳定性和抗菌性能.结果表明:壳聚糖分子链插层进入了累托石层间,累托石均匀地分布在壳聚糖基体中;纳米复合材料的性能与累托石的含量和层间距密切相关,当壳聚糖与累托石的质量比为12∶1时插层效果最好;壳聚糖/累托石纳米复合材料的抗菌能力比单一壳聚糖优异,尤其是对革兰氏阳性菌,其抑菌的最小浓度为单一壳聚糖的1/4～1/2,抑菌时间是单一壳聚糖的3～5倍;复合材料对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用比对革兰氏阴性菌的强,且随着累托石含量的增加及层间距的增大,抗菌性能越来越强;纳米复合材料的热稳定性优于壳聚糖.