煤矸石酸溶法制得聚合氯化铝铁钙的形态

利用扫描电镜、X射线能谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射等现代分析检测技术对聚合氯化铝铁钙(PAFCC)进行形态结构研究与表征.比较了未煅烧合成产品和经煅烧合成的PAFCC产品形貌、特征基团及微晶相结构.结果表明:煅烧有利于制备聚合氯化铝铁钙;未煅烧合成产品是具有短柱状晶体形貌,主要含有钠、铝、铁、钙、氯等元素的化合物;PAFCC形貌呈类空心管柱状结晶体,是一种含有钙、铝、铁多羟基的无机高分子絮凝剂;煅烧使煤矸石活性增强,对合成PAFCC起了重要作用;在高岭土废水水样混凝实验中,制得的PAFCC混凝性能优于未煅烧合成产品和工业聚合铝(PAC).     

High-efficiency trace Na extraction from crystal quartz ore used for fused silica-A pretreatment technology

Trace Na sources, extraction dynamics of trace Na, and influences of calcination temperature on quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite were studied in detail herein for trace Na extraction from the quartz ore with water leaching at 90℃. Experimental results suggested that the trace Na sources included quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite. The extraction rate of the trace Na in quartz ores can reach 31.0wt% after calcination at 900℃ for 5 h and water leaching at 90℃ for 24 h. The extraction process consisting of the dissolution of unfree Na and diffusion of free Na was dominated by calcination temperature. Calcination at 900℃ for 5 h was effective for extraction of the trace Na in fluid inclusions and muscovite. The extraction of the trace Na was mainly affected by the decrepitation of fluid inclusions when the calcination temperature ranged from 400 to 600℃ and by the damage of muscovite when the calcination temperature ranged from 600 to 900℃. Based on the extraction rates at different calcination temperatures, approximately 20.1wt% of the trace Na occurred in fluid inclusions, approximately 10.9wt% existed in muscovite, and 69.0wt% mainly occurred in quartz lattice.     

滴定分析法测定铁矿石中铁含量

SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7滴定分析法是试样用盐酸加氟化钠加热分解,让有铁的氧化物及硅酸盐都变成氧化铁进入溶液中。先用氯化亚锡将大部分三价铁离子还原成二价铁,以钨酸钠为指示剂,用三氯化钛将剩余的三价铁还原成二价铁至生成"钨蓝",再用重铬酸钾标准溶液氧化至蓝色消失,加入硫磷混合酸以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,用重铬酸钾标准液滴定。通过调节不同的还原酸度,还原温度,试剂用量和溶样时间,对其最佳实验条件进行了优化。用SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7滴定分析法测定铁矿石中铁含量,相对标准偏差在0.68%~2.6%之间,回收率在91.9%~97.9%之间,方法准确可靠。     

钒渣无焙烧浸出液中钒铁萃取分离

利用本课题组提出的钛白废酸无焙烧加压浸出钒渣提钒的新技术,以P204为萃取剂从废酸浸出钒渣的浸出液中进行了提钒研究.实验结果表明:采用亚硫酸钠为浸出液预处理还原剂,将浸出液中三价铁还原成二价铁,从而防止三价铁的共萃;常温条件下,当浸出液初始p H=2.5、水相与有机相体积比为1∶3,震荡时间为4 min时,采用有机相组成为20%P204及10%TBP协同萃取体系,钒的萃取率可达98.61%以上,钒铁的分离系数可达135.3.     

反应条件对SnCl_2-TiCl_3-K_2Cr_2O_7法的影响

为了从理论上对矿物质中全铁含量的测定进行深入研究,利用SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7法对其实验条件进行了较详细的分析和研究。SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7法即试样用盐酸加氟化钠加热分解,让有铁的氧化物及硅酸盐都变成氧化铁进入溶液中。先用氯化亚锡将大部分三价铁离子还原成二价铁,以钨酸钠为指示剂,用三氯化钛将剩余的三价铁还原成二价铁至生成“钨蓝”,再用重铬酸钾标准溶液氧化至蓝色消失,加入硫磷混合酸以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,用重铬酸钾标准液滴定。通过调节不同的还原酸度,还原温度,试剂用量和溶样时间,对其最佳实验条件进行了优化。结果表明,当还原酸度为4．0mol·L^-1,还原温度范围在60--70℃,浓HCI选取30mL进行溶解,溶样时间25min时,测定全铁含量的准确性最高。为SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7法准确测定矿物质中全铁含量提供了最佳的实验条件。     

炼钢粉尘酸浸液-Fenton法降解亚甲基蓝

以炼钢粉尘酸浸液为铁离子源,与H2O2配制成Fenton试剂,对亚甲基蓝的降解进行研究.考察铁离子浓度,H2O2浓度,反应时间对降解的影响,在此基础上将其降解效果与传统的Fenton和类Fenton试剂进行比较,并对反应机理进行探讨.结果表明:在炼钢粉法酸浸液总铁离子浓度c(铁离子)＝0.34mmol/L,H2O2浓度为c＝5.9mmol/L时,对亚甲基蓝的降解率高达96.7%.     

高比表面积煤系高岭土材料的制备及其结构表征

高比表面积改性煤系高岭土具有优异的性能,现已被广泛地应用于多种行业。本文以内蒙煤系高岭土为原料,将其高温煅烧制得偏高岭土后,再经盐酸改性用以制备高比表面煤系高岭土材料;通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(DTA-TGA)和N2吸附-脱附等手段对改性前后煤系高岭土的晶体结构及比表面积进行了表征,实验考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、盐酸用量、盐酸浓度及反应时间对煅烧煤系高岭土比表面积的影响,确定了酸改性煤系高岭土的最佳工艺条件;在最佳工艺条件下制备的盐酸改性煤系高岭土材料的比表面积高达465 m2/g。     

几种含铁化合物对煤燃烧特性的影响

利用热重－差热－热重微分仪实验研究了几种含铁化合物,如ＦｅＣｌ３、ＦｅＣｌ２和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等对煤燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,含铁化合物能够发迹煤的燃烧特性,不同种类的含铁化合物对煤燃烧特性的影响不同。ＦｅＣｌ３和ＦｅＣｌ２能够提高煤燃烧过程低温段的燃烧反应速率,其机理是ＦｅＣｌ３和ＦｅＣｌ２起催化剂的作用,改变了燃烧过程化学反应的动力学参数,从而加快了煤的燃烧速率。ＦｅＣｌ３和ＦｅＣｌ２的催化能力随其     

细菌-矿物接触/非接触模式下黄铜矿浸出溶解行为

研究细菌-矿物接触模式及利用透析袋将细菌和矿物隔离的非接触模式下嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铜矿浸出溶解的影响,并对黄铜矿浸出过程表面钝化的原因进行分析。研究结果表明:在细菌-矿物接触模式下,黄铜矿的浸出行为包括细菌对黄铜矿表面硫的催化氧化及细菌氧化Fe2+生成的Fe3+对黄铜矿在于氧化溶解;在细菌-矿物非接触模式下,黄铜矿主要通过细菌氧化Fe2+生成的Fe3+氧化浸出;浸出体系电位是影响黄铜矿浸出速率的主要因素,且较高的电位更有利于黄铜矿的浸出。比较细菌-矿物接触模式和细菌-矿物非接触模式,细菌-矿物接触模式比非接触模式更有利于提高浸出体系电位及氧化消除黄铜矿表面生成的硫膜,因而促进了黄铜矿的浸出;易于在较高电位下生成的黄钾铁矾沉淀是导致这2种模式下黄铜矿表面钝化的主要原因。     

Preparation of manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate ores by sulfuric acid leaching

In this study, a method for preparing pure manganese sulfate from low-grade ores with a granule mean size of 0.47 mm by direct acid leaching was developed. The effects of the types of leaching agents, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of manganese were investigated. We observed that sulfuric acid used as a leaching agent provides a similar leaching efficiency of manganese and superior selectivity against calcium compared to hydrochloric acid. The optimal leaching conditions in sulfuric acid media were determined; under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Ca were 92.42% and 9.61%, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of manganese leaching indicated that the leaching follows the diffusion-controlled model with an apparent activation energy of 12.28 kJ·mol-1. The purification conditions of the leaching solution were also discussed. The results show that manganese dioxide is a suitable oxidant of ferrous ions and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is an effective precipitant of heavy metals. Finally, through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained product was determined to contain 98% of MnSO₄·H₂O.     

Upgradation of bauxite by molecular hydrogen and hydrogen plasma

An approach was developed to upgrade the bauxite ore by molecular hydrogen and hydrogen plasma. A gibbsite-type bauxite sample was obtained from National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Odisha, India. The obtained sample was crushed and sieved (to 100 μm) prior to the chemical analysis and grain-size distribution study. The bauxite sample was calcined in the temperature range from 500 to 700°C for different time intervals to optimize the conditions for maximum moisture removal. This process was followed by the reduction of the calcined ore by molecular hydrogen and hydrogen plasma. Extraction of alumina from the reduced ore was carried out via acid leaching in chloride media for 2 h at 60°C. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry in conjunction with differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the material before and after extraction. Alumina extracted from the reduced ore at the optimum calcination temperature of 700°C and the optimum calcination time of 4 h is found to be 90% pure.     

Dissolution kinetics of iron oxides in clay in oxalic acid solutions

Clay samples containing 8.15% iron oxides and 27.49% alumina were leached in oxalic acid. Leaching experiments were performed in aqueous solutions of oxalic acid of 0.2-2 mol/L at 40-80℃ for up to 90 min. The mixed kinetic mechanism, i.e., t/τ=[(1-2X/3)-(1-X)2/3]+b[1-(1-X)1/3], seemed to be the most appropriate one to fit the kinetic data of leaching iron oxides contained in clay in the aqueous oxalic acid solutions. The Arrhenius activation energy for leaching in the 1.8 mol/L oxalic acid was found to be 41.035 kJ/mol.     

铜冶炼闪速炉烟尘氧化浸出与中和脱砷

介绍了废酸氧化浸出铜冶炼闪速炉烟尘和漫出液中和沉淀砷、铁过程。从化学热力学和实验2方面研究了浸出液中以砷酸铁形式中和沉淀脱砷过程，并对砷酸铁沉淀的稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明：闪速炉烟尘中铜、砷和铁的浸出率分别可达到83％，92％和30％，浸出液中的铁和砷的量比n（Fe）／n（As）约为1．50；控制适当的pH值中和沉淀砷、铁，可使铜存留于溶液中，而砷以砷酸铁形式进入固相中，从而达到铜、砷分离的目的；不稳定的砷酸铁沉淀物进一步转型后，则可作为无毒稳定渣丢弃。     

超细煤系煅烧高岭土颗粒的性质及其表面改性

结合颜料的特色分析阐述了超细煤系煅烧高岭土粉体作为钛白代用品基本的原因。结果表明,超细煤系煅烧高岭 高白度,高折光指数,较强遮盖力,低吸油量等物化性能是将其作为钛白代用口基体的国外颗粒表面吸附能力的增强以及表面电位有利于其与表面改性药剂作用。     

Recycle of valuable products from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill (CRM) sludge contains lots of iron and alloying elements along with plenty of hazardous organic components, which makes it as an attractive secondary source and an environmental contaminant at the same time. The compound methods of “vacuum distillation + oxidizing roasting” and “vacuum distillation + hydrogen reduction” were employed for the recycle of oily cold rolling mill sludge. First, the sludge was dynamically vacuum distilled in a rotating furnace at 50 r/min and 600℃ for 3 h, which removed almost hazardous organic components, obtaining 89.2wt% ferrous resultant. Then, high purity ferric oxide powders (99.2wt%) and reduced iron powders (98.9wt%) were obtained when the distillation residues were oxidized and reduced, respectively. The distillation oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock, and the distillation gases can be collected and reused as a fuel.     

Activation pretreatment of limonitic laterite ores by alkali-roasting using NaOH

Activation pretreatment of Cr-containing limonitic laterite ores by NaOH roasting to remove Cr, Al, and Si, as well as its effect on Ni and Co extraction in the subsequent pressure acid leaching process was investigated. Characterization results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/XEDS) show that goethite is the major Ni-bearing mineral, and chromite is the minor one. Experimental results show that the leaching rates of Cr, Al, and Si are 95.6wt%, 83.8wt%, and 40.1wt%, respectively, under the optimal alkali-roasting conditions. Compared with the direct pressure acid leaching of laterite ores, the leaching rates of Ni and Co increase from 80.1wt% to 96.9wt% and 70.2wt% to 95.1wt% after pretreatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the grade of acid leaching iron residues increases from 54.4wt% to 62.5wt%, and these residues with low Cr content are more suitable raw materials for iron making.     

Experimental investigation and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system prediction of copper recovery from flotation tailings by acid leaching in a batch agitated tank

The potential of copper recovery from flotation tailings was experimentally investigated using a laboratory-mixing tank. The experiments were performed with solid weight percentages of 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt% and 45 wt% in water. The measurements revealed that adding sulfuric acid all at once to the tank rapidly increased the efficiency of the leaching process, which was attributed to the rapid change in the acid concentration. The rate of iron dissolution from tailings was less than when the acid was added gradually. The sample with 40 wt% solid is recommended as an appropriate feed for the recovery of copper. The adaptive neural fuzzy system(ANFIS) was also used to predict the copper recovery from flotation tailings. The back-propagation algorithm and least squares method were applied for the training of ANFIS. The validation data was also applied to evaluate the performance of these models. Simulation results revealed that the testing results from these models were in good agreement with the experimental data.     

煤微波法脱硫过程中铁-硫化合物的变化

在不加浸提剂和通以氮气(含氧约1%)条件下,用2.45GHz微波照射约100s,东林煤(D)和鱼田堡煤(Y)的脱硫率均可达到20%以上。照射后进一步用5%的过量稀盐酸处理,脱硫率可高达68%。穆谱分析麦明,D、Y均含黄铁矿和硫酸亚铁,D还存在少量黄钾铁矾。经微波照射,黄铁矿转变成磁黄铁矿和陨硫铁,硫酸亚铁可能转变成其它铁相,其程度随着脱硫深度的变化面变化。用稀酸处理几乎可以除尽煤中磁铁矿和陨硫铁。因而微波照射与酸洗结合将是一种有效的脱硫方法。     

铁、钛对高岭土白度的影响

对高岭土的研究结果表明在晶格中存在结合铁，在晶格中结合铁的不显颜色效应，只有其中非晶格结合的铁，即含铁矿物导致高岭土的显色效应．本文采用新型高岭土漂白剂──乙二酸与五羟基已烯酸内酯的混合液来溶解所含铁矿物，使高岭土得到漂白，白度的增量与非晶格结合的铁含量之间呈线性关系．高岭上白度与其中含钛量同样呈线性关系．     

三氯化铁水溶液的制备

用三口瓶作反应器,先加入稀盐酸与铁粉反应生成氯化亚铁,确定了反应过程中盐酸浓度（质量）为18％（1：1）、温度为85℃、盐酸与铁粉的质量比为1．4：1、反应时间为20min的最佳制备条件;再加入稀盐酸,在酸性条件下用双氧水将氯化亚铁氧化成氯化铁,确定了反应过程中搅拌速度为20、双氧水与铁粉质量比为1．63：1、温度为55℃、双氧水加入速度为0．5～1．0mL／min的最佳氧化条件。