木兰叶绿体atpB和rbcL基因的系统进化分析

木兰科植物作为古老的类群,其杂交和形态多样以及趋同进化等特点导致传统分类出现很多不同结论。对生物类群进行种群的系统进化分析可以在一定程度上弥补传统分类方法的局限。叶绿体的母系遗传相对保守、分子水平差异明显,是绿色植物的标志性细胞器,因此叶绿体基因组常被用来进行植物的系统进化探究。本项研究利用phylip软件将NCBI核酸序列数据库中下载的21种木兰科植物叶绿体的atpB和rbcL基因序列760bp进行序列比对处理之后,进一步应用邻接法进行分子进化系统发生分析,构建系统发育进化树,从而得出木兰属中白玉兰、星花玉兰、锐叶木兰、北美大叶木兰、夜香木兰等在系统进化中的亲缘关系,为进一步对木兰属植物进行系统发生研究奠定基础。     

miR-1/133基因簇的进化及其调控网络

miR-1/133基因簇在心肌和骨骼肌中特异性表达,对心脏以及骨骼肌的发育及生理病理具有重要作用.该研究采用生物信息学方法,研究了miR-1/133基因簇的进化特征,预测了其靶基因及其调控的生物学过程.利用miRBase数据库对23种不同物种间miR-1/133基因簇的序列、组织方式进行了比较.采用最大似然法构建miR-1/133基因簇的系统进化树,显示该基因簇的进化与物种进化关系有一定差异.利用在线数据库对miR-1/133基因簇上游转录因子及下游靶基因进行预测,并对其进行综合分析,绘制出该基因簇的网络调控图,表明miR-1/133基因簇参与了骨骼肌与心肌发育、胰岛素受体信号通路、经典Wnt信号通路、p53信号通路等体内重要生理过程,为进一步阐明miR-1/133基因簇的生物学功能提供了理论依据.     

Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates

The animal phylum Arthropoda is very useful for the study of body plan evolution given its abundance of morphologically diverse species and our profound understanding of Drosophila development. However, there is a lack of consistently resolved phylogenetic relationships between the four extant arthropod subphyla, Hexapoda, Myriapoda, Chelicerata and Crustacea. Recent molecular studies have strongly supported a sister group relationship between Hexapoda and Crustacea, but have not resolved the phylogenetic position of Chelicerata and Myriapoda. Here we sequence the mitochondrial genome of the centipede species Lithobius forficatus and investigate its phylogenetic information content. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of conserved regions from the arthropod mitochondrial proteome yields highly resolved and congruent trees. We also find that a sister group relationship between Myriapoda and Chelicerata is strongly supported. We propose a model to explain the apparently parallel evolution of similar head morphologies in insects and myriapods.     

一株可用于盐度适应性研究的模型细菌的鉴定

为探究一株广盐性细菌DYB分类学地位及其作为盐度适应性研究模型的潜力，本研究进行了形态学、生理生化和细菌鉴定系统分析。为了进一步确定菌株DYB的分类学地位，测定了其16S rRNA基因序列，分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性，构建了系统发生树。结果表明，菌株DYB与Idiomarina sp. H-76 (KF021759)亲缘关系很近。菌株DYB可鉴定为Idiomarina sp. DYB。此外，该菌株的广盐性以及对碳氮源可利用性等生理生化特征显示该菌株具有作为盐度适应性研究模型的潜力。     

贵州地区蜘蛛抱蛋属植物ITS1区序列分析及其亲缘关系研究

从贵州不同地区采集的5株蜘蛛抱蛋属植物,采用直接测序对其核糖体DNA内间隔区(ITS)序列进行测定,用于分析蜘蛛抱蛋属植物间的亲缘关系。测序结果提示该植物的ITS1区域的GC%在62.7%～68.85%之间,有121个变化位点,提示可用于对形状相似的蜘蛛抱蛋属植物进行分子生物学分类和用于系统发育分析。     

浅论足球比赛节奏

本文分析论述了比赛节奏在足球比赛中的战略作用，提出了比赛节奏运用的战术措施及运动员适应比赛节奏变化应具备的几个条件。     

淡水鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop基因的引物设计和应用

 线粒体DNA测序已广泛应用于鉴定和区分种类以及解决系统进化关系问题。本文选取已测定的主要淡水鱼类的线粒体DNA D-loop基因序列进行同源性比较,寻找保守序列,利用简并性原则设计一对通用的简并引物。利用设计的引物对广东省珠江流域主要的淡水鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop控制区基因进行扩增,均能获得单一的目的DNA片断,特异性扩增产物大小为1 kb左右。经测序及与GenBank同源序列的比较,证实为包含线粒体控制区全序列的扩增产物。本研究所设计的引物和应用的方法可以快速地同时对多种鱼类进行大规模的遗传背景分析,鉴定某些难于鉴别的近缘物种,为我国鱼类的种类鉴定、地理种群鉴别及种质资源的评估提供重要的工具。     

基于SSR标记的白栎天然居群遗传多样性分析

[目的]利用SSR分子标记,对白栎天然居群进行遗传多样性分析,为其种质资源的合理开发与保护提供指导.[方法]采用筛选出的SSR引物对3个群体进行遗传多样性与遗传结构研究,并计算遗传参数;基于个体间的遗传距离进行主成分分析,运用GenAlEx 6.5进行遗传距离与地理距离的相关性Mantel检验,软件Arlequin用于...     

基于PsbA-trnH,RbcL和trnL-F序列的野生葡萄系统发育

采用PCR技术从湘西地区的3种野生葡萄中分离PsbA-trnH、RbcL和trnL-F基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中测序,结合GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ中公布的其他葡萄科植物相应cpDNA基因信息,使用Mega4构建系统发育进化树,分析其系统发育关系.结果显示,PsbA-trnH,RbcL和trnL-F这3种cpDNA基因序列均能用于葡萄科属间的分子鉴定,但结果与传统形态学分类存在一些差异,RbcL能用于葡萄属内种间的分子鉴定.     

Advances in phylogenetic studies of Nematoda

Nematoda is a metazoan group with extremely high diversity only next to Insecta. Caenorhabditis elegans is now a favorable experimental model animal in modern developmental biology, genetics and genomics studies. However, the phylogeny of Nematoda and the phylogenetic position of the phylum within animal kingdom have long been in debate. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies gave great challenges to the traditional nematode classification. The new phylogenies not only placed the Nematoda in the Ecdysozoan and divided the phylum into five clades, but also provided new insights into animal molecular identification and phylogenetic biodiversity studies. The present paper reviews major progress and remaining problems in the current molecular phylogenetic studies of Nematoda, and prospects the developmental tendencies of this field.     

The phylogenetic position of the 'giant deer' Megaloceros giganteus

The giant deer, or 'Irish elk', has featured extensively in debates on adaptation, sexual selection, and extinction. Its huge antlers--the largest of any deer species, living or extinct--formed a focus of much past work. Yet the phylogenetic position of the giant deer has remained an enigma. On the basis of its flattened antlers, the species was previously regarded as closely related to the living fallow deer. Recent morphological studies, however, have challenged that view and placed the giant deer closer to the living red deer or wapiti. Here we present a new phylogenetic analysis encompassing morphological and DNA sequence evidence, and find that both sets of data independently support a sister-group relationship of giant and fallow deer. Our results include the successful extraction and sequencing of DNA from this extinct species, and highlight the value of a joint molecular and morphological approach.     

石蜈蚣属1新种(石蜈蚣目:石蜈蚣科)记述及分子系统学分析

记述石蜈蚣属Lithobius Leach,1814伊森石蜈蚣亚属Ezembius Chamberlin,1919 (Lithobio-morpha:Lithobiidae)1新种:贺兰石蜈蚣Lithobius (Ezembius) helanensis sp.nov.,标本采自中国宁夏.对新种2个个体的CO Ⅰ基因片...     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

中国柏木属(Cupressus L.)植物的petG-trnP序列分析及其系统学意义

对中国柏科（Cupressaceae）柏木属（Cupressus L．）5个种及扁柏属4个种的cpDNA非编码区petG—trnP序列进行了分析,其片段的长度范围在417bp～479bp之间．以侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）作为功能性外类群,运用PAUP＊和MEGA软件分别对其进行聚类分析,应用最大似然法得到一棵最优系统树,其-Ln=2232．47．结果表明：用petG-trnP序列来分析柏木属和扁柏属的系统发育关系是可行的;中国柏木属植物是一个单系类群;Ctmmaecyparis nootkatensis与扁柏属其它植物关系较远．因此,柏木（Cupressus funebris）和Ch．nootkatensis均应并入柏木属．     

一种基于谱分析的音乐节奏识别算法

为了能够获得音乐节奏信息，在信号能量分析，确定信号能量的起伏之后，采用信号整倍数抽值的方法减少有待分析的数据量，对抽值后的信号数据进行AR模型功率谱估计，从而在频率域寻找出音乐信号的能量起伏周期，确定乐音信号的节奏．     

甘肃张掖地区葡萄天然酵母菌的筛选及其系统发育分析

目的：通过对张掖地区酵母菌的筛选,了解张掖地区酵母菌的生物多样性。方法：采用YPD培养基分离纯化菌株,通过26SrDNA基因D1／D2区序列分析确定菌种的系统进化地位。结果：分离筛选出6个属天然酵母菌。分别为：假丝酵母属Candida、Meyerozyma属、红酵母属Rhodotorula、孢汉逊属Hanseniaspora、酿酒酵母Saccharomycescerevisiae和毕赤酵母属Pichia,共10个种,其中包括6个疑似种。     

Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses

We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks （Agaricomycetes/Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota） along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. Establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using DNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized.     

中国南方沿海13种石斑鱼类的分子系统进化关系分析

石斑鱼类(Groupers)是世界性海洋经济鱼类,也是中国南方沿海省份重要的海水增养殖对象,其种类繁多,由于缺乏明显的种间外部形态区别特征,石斑鱼的分类一直是鱼类系统分类学的一个难题,存在着较多的争议和混淆。为了从分子水平揭示石斑鱼类的系统进化关系,应用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)及两个核糖体RNA基因(16S和12S)序列联合构建系统进化树对中国近海石斑鱼亚科3属13种进行种类鉴定及亲缘关系分析,探讨了石斑鱼类的分子系统进化。结果表明:①线粒体基因序列在石斑鱼类种间存在较大的变异,种内变异极小,是进行石斑鱼类种类鉴定较为适宜的分子标记;②所研究的3属13种石斑鱼类中,石斑鱼属与九棘鲈属的亲缘关系较近,与鳃棘鲈属的较远;③赤点石斑鱼和青石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼与鲑点石斑鱼、斜带石斑鱼与棕斑石斑鱼两两间具有较近的亲缘关系。