10种贵州特有植物的种苗繁殖试验及其分布机理研究

本文报道了贵州10种特有植物的种苗繁殖栽培和特有分布机理的研究结果:小黄花茶Camellia luteoflora、美丽红山茶C.delicata、冬青叶山茶C.ilicifolia、狭叶瘤果茶C.neriifolia、长柱红山茶C.longistyla和贵州石笔木Tutcheria kweichowen-sis的播种出苗率分别为30.5%、70.0%、50.0%、53.0%、70.0%和49.0%,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别是51.7%、89.7%、89.7%、83.8%、87.5%、和71.0%;黄平槭Acer huangpingense、贵州槭A.guizhouensis、雷公山槭A.legongshanensis和红脉槭A.rubronervium的出苗率分别达60.3%、65.2%、72.0%和61.0%,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别为99.0%、95.0%、99.2%和50.1%。采用种子田间播种育苗、枝条扦插繁殖的方式进行种苗扩繁栽培研究,按植物系统发育类群分为槭树属4种、山茶属5种、石笔木属1种等3个组别,分别测定扩繁系数为0.93～1、0.93～1和1,苗木产出周期2～3年,并对这10种特有植物特有分布的机理进行了探讨。这10种植物对环境因子敏感,对适应生态环境的选择性强,但却能够迁地扩繁栽培并生长良好,这说明了这些植物特有分布的物种生物学特性及其生态环境适应性的特征。     

贵州20种特有植物迁地栽培及扩繁技术的研究

对梵净山冷杉 (Abiesfanjingshanensis)、小黄花茶 (Camellialuteoflora)等 2 0种贵州特有植物进行了迁地栽培及扩繁技术的研究。试验结果为 :1)原产地海拔在 10 0 0m左右的物种植株迁地栽培存活率和采种播种出苗率都较高 (75 %～ 95 % ) ;2 )植株迁地栽培存活率和采种播种出苗的数学期望值的坐标曲线相似程度很高 ,即这些植物物种不同发育阶段生长发育的生理活动对环境的要求和作用具有一致性 ;3)供试植物的扩繁系数为 0 6 1～ 1,种苗产品周期 2～ 3年 ;4)道真润楠 (Machilusdaozhenensis)和山茶属 (Camellia) 8种、石笔木属 (Tutcheria) 2种、槭树属 (Acer) 4种以及杜鹃花科的臭越橘 (Vacciniumfoetidissimum)的扩繁系数分别达到 0 93和 1,产品周期 2～ 3年 ,按新产品筛选与原型测试方法评价市场产品指标等级为较适合 ,产品态势为“中良”或“中优” ,可以开发利用。     

多彩贵州特色景观植物优选防治石漠化栽培研究

多彩贵州公园省碳酸盐岩层分布面积达73.0%以上,优选其特色景观植物开展防治石漠化栽培应用具有重要意义。通过植物资源评价和实地调查比较,筛选出贵州特色景观植物20种,开展了采种育苗、迁地栽培和防治石漠化林业绿化工程应用的试验研究,结果表明:(1)调查发现在筛选出的20种植物中,已开展应用栽培的有6种(30.00%),另14种(70.00%)仅有少量中试,尚需扩大试验和推广应用。(2)20种贵州特色景观植物的苗木引种存活率普遍大于采种播种出苗率和应用栽培成活率,除了荔波红瘤果茶和贵州石笔木迁地露地栽培的存活率分别为83.06%和88.26%外,其他都在90.08%以上。(3)在阔瓣白兰花、红豆树、黄连木、清香木、贵州槭、掌叶木、银杏、鹅掌楸、贵州石楠、马蹄决明、灰毡毛忍冬、岩百合等12种植物的种苗繁育、引种栽培和应用试验结果中,苗木引种存活率与应用栽培存活率差异不显著,苗木引种存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P0.05),应用栽培存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P0.05);但是,在伞花木、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、栾树、喜树等8种植物的试验结果中苗木引种存活率、应用栽培存活率和采种播种出苗率两两之间都存在显著差异(P0.05)。(4)在防治石漠化栽培应用试验中的种苗成活率皆未达到极显著(P0.01),表明其筛选植物的苗木就地繁育引种栽培和采集种子繁育种苗栽培的方法皆适合于生产应用;其中阔瓣白兰花、贵州槭、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、岩百合等8种植物,采用采集种子异地育苗开展应用栽培的效果最好。     

二种贵州特有植物的种子繁殖与育苗技术研究

通过对2种贵州特有植物的种子繁殖与育苗试验,结果表明:贵州石笔木种子在自然条件下当年不出苗,但在20～25℃温度、湿度80～90%条件处理下,43d后即可萌发出苗率达67%,贵州槭种子翌年3月播种,播前用水浸泡24h,出苗率达76%,缩短出苗时间.苗木移栽宜阴天进行,加强水肥管理,病虫害防治,2种贵州特有植物一年生苗可高达50cm.     

贵州特优观赏山茶种质资源及其可持续利用探讨

贵州山茶属植物自然分布３个亚属１２个组７６个种,占山茶属组总数的６０％和所有种数的３５％。其中瘤果茶组、红山茶组和小黄花茶组的分布中心在贵州,它们在贵州的分布种数分别占了总种数的９３％,５１．１％和１００％;在山茶亚属的６个组１２８个种中,贵州分布５个组和４５个种,分别占８３．５％和３５．２％;而这些种的分布区大都很狭窄,属地区性特有植物,并且有许多像美丽红山茶（Ｃａｍｅｌｌｉａ ｄｅｌｉｃａｔａ）等属于耐寒又具有优良观赏性状（花、果、叶、型）,极具经济价值的新特优种质资源。由此,我们采用迁地保护方法引种保存了美丽红山茶、小黄花茶（Ｃ．ｌｕｔｅｆｌｏｒａ）等２０个种质资源取得了成功,并在矮化丛枝健型性状优化培育、驯化栽培和批量繁殖技术方面取得进展,为建立种苗基地示范提供优质种苗并开拓市场服务具有重要意义。     

五种引种栽培的贵州特优观赏山茶光合生理特性研究

本文对引种栽培于贵州省植物园的小黄花茶 (CamellialuteofloraY .K .Li)、美丽红山茶 (C .delicataY .K .Li)、威宁短柱油茶 (C .salenensisStapf.ex .Bean .)、狭叶瘤果茶 (C .neriifoliaChang)和四球茶 (C .tachangensisF .S .Zhang)等贵州特优观赏山茶的光合生理特性进行了研究报道 :(1) ,均为C3植物 ,其CO2补偿点在 6 0 μL/L左右 ,光呼吸速率与总光合的比值为 2 5% ,光补偿点是 80 0～ 2 50 0lx ,光饱和点 16 0 0～4 10 0 0lx ;其中小黄花茶的光补偿点及光饱和点最低 ,威宁短柱油茶的光补偿点及光饱和点最高。 (2 ) ,净光合速率 (Pn) 6 .0 0～ 15.0 0CO2 mg/ (dm2 ·h) ,光呼吸速率 (Pr) 2 .0 0～ 5.0 0CO2 mg/ (dm2 ·h) ,其中威宁短柱油茶的Pn及Pr均较高 ,四球茶的Pn及Pr均较低。暗呼吸速率 (Dr) 0 .70～ 2 .6 0CO2 mg/ (dm2 .h) ,其中威宁短柱油茶的Dr较高 ,小黄花茶的Dr较低。 (3) ,Pn、Pr及Dr相互间呈正相关 ;Chl.(a b) (叶绿素 )含量 7.6 0～ 12 .50mg /dm2 ,其中小黄花茶的含量较高 ,威宁短柱油茶的含量较低。这一结论对研究其观赏植物学特性和扩繁栽培等具有科学价值     

山茶属五种野生植物种子萌发试验分析

历时三年，对贵州特有的美丽红山茶（CamelliadelicataY．K．Li）、长柱红山茶（C．longistyllaYKLietChang）、小黄花茶（C．luteofloraYKLi）、狭叶瘤果茶（CnerifoliaChang）和野生油茶（ColeiferaAbel.）（广布种）等自然野生种类的结实与繁殖进行了研究．实验结果为：1，成花自然结实百分率分别为40．3，30．0，22．5，20．8，45．6：成熟种子百分率为结实率的60．0，50．3，60．0，58．5，60．2；种子带病虫百分率为结实率的30．0，38．0，28．0，16．0，28．6：在原自然分布地林区设15m×15m样方统计种子自然萌发百分率，其平均数分别为3．0，2．5，3．0，2．5，8．6：而苗床播种出苗率则为86．2，90．076．0，76．1，85．4；2，受精不发育或不完全发育现象普遍存在，调查结果得发育完全的种子百分率为50．0，60．6，30．5，30．0，46．5：3，五种植物的成熟种子在5～22℃，相对湿度≥60％的暗光或无光条件下30天均开始萌芽，最适萌发气温为17±1℃，最适前发湿度为70±5％，但同时播入土中的种子，极少数可延迟1～2年萌发．种子的形成和萌发是授粉、受精、发育生理与其环境因子综合作用的结果，采用科学方法促进种胚发育，提高种子成熟率和种子活力，解决种子出苗整齐，培育壮苗等关键技术，在     

贵州石笔木播种育苗的温度和湿度关系研究

我们采用调控温度和湿度的比较试验对贵州石笔木 (TutcheriakweichowensisChangetY .K .Li)种子萌发与播种育苗进行了研究 ,其试验表明贵州石笔木种子萌发的最佳温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃、湿度为 80 %～ 90 % ;采集的种子在此条件下砂藏层积 10～ 15d开始萌发 ,4 0～ 50d萌发率达 85%～ 93 % ;种子萌发后播种于恒温2 0℃的苗床中 60d后出苗率和 3 60d后成苗率分别达到 60 7%和 4 3 7%。这一研究结果对于珍稀濒危的贵州石笔木植物种质资源的有效保护和开发利用有科学意义和实用价值     

小黄花茶和长柱红山茶种质资源利用的研究

小黄花茶 (CamellialuteofloraY .K .Li)和长柱红山茶 (C .longistylaChangapuezengetzhou)是分布极狭的贵州特有植物 ,由于其花、果、叶、形的优良观赏性状 ,因而具有观赏园艺价值和消费市场开发的需要。经过在种苗扩繁与栽培技术和产品开发与市场预测等方面进行的研究证明 ,最有效的方法及其优选模式为“组织培养 >扦插繁殖 >嫁接繁殖” ,3种途径都能形成批量苗木 ,并适合产品市场化 ,投资收益率可分别达到50 %± 30 %、50 %± 15%和 50 %± 10 % ;但由于该两种物种资源的分布狭限和稀少 ,只有在引种和繁殖一定种质资源 (原植物 )的基础上采用扦插繁殖和快速高效组织培养 ,培育基地苗木 ,再进行扩大再生产 ,组装配套流水线高技术生产作业和实现大批量苗木生产以供应市场需求。小黄花茶和长柱红山茶扦插繁殖插穗宜采用当年生刚木质化而无病虫害的健壮春梢 ,于 5～ 6月采集为宜 ,插床要求遮阴度 2 0 %～ 30 % ;用 30 0～50 0 μg/LNAA溶液浸泡 12～ 16h ,取出用清水清洗后进行扦插 ,对促进生根效果好 ,生根率可分别达到 6 5%～ 80 %和 6 0 %～ 90 % ,其中以 30 0 μg/L浓度处理的成活率最高 ,可达到 80 %以上 ;嫁接繁殖受贴木和接穗材料来源限制 ,大树嫁接和芽接两种方法获得的成活率分别达到 4 0 %、52     

贵州特有植物小黄花茶的物种起源探讨

运用植物系统发育与进化意义上的性状极性比较分析和生物地理学方法探讨了贵州特有植物小黄花茶(CamellialuteofloraY .K .Li)的物种起源与狭限分布问题。小黄花茶喜温喜湿 ,苞被未起分化且数目较多 ,是山茶属中一个较原始的类群 ,它与短柱茶组 (Sect .ParacamelliaChang)和金花茶组 (Sect .ChrysanthaChang)植物具有某些相似表征性状 ,但进化发育的形态结构却有较大差异 ,隶属于山茶亚属下一较原始的独立组—小黄花茶组 (Subgen .Camellia ,Sect .LuteofloraChang)是比较恰当的。根据物种形成原理结合小黄花茶生境与狭限分布的生物地理学特征分析 ,可以推测小黄花茶的物种起源于异域物种形成中的分替 (vicariance ,allopatriespe ciation)型式 ,即来源于地理物种形成     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.