关于半波损失问题

从洛埃镜实验和维纳驻波实验中发生“半波损失”现象出发,利用菲涅耳公式,分析了当平面单色电磁波从光疏媒质入射到光密媒质时,在媒质的分界面处反射波电矢量(?)和入射波电关量(?)方向相反,这相当于附加λ/2光程差,习惯上称为“半波损失”。并以薄膜干涉中附加光程差加以说明。     

再论光波的半波损失

半波损失是大学物理中的重点和难点问题。根据半波损失定义明确了其产生条件,重申了半波损失和附加光程差的区别与联系,并结合薄膜干涉实例对附加光程差表达式作了针对性的分析,即附加光程差项可以取正号,也可以取负号,只是为了满足干涉级序数从零开始取值。     

附加光程差在薄膜干涉中的具体形式

利用半波损失原理，重新分析附加光程差在薄膜干涉中的形式，从而消除一般教材中对附加光程差描述的混乱，使读者对此问题认识得更彻底。     

半波损失和附加光程差

在许多大学物理教材中,对"半波损失"和"附加光程差"的问题都没有详细说明,给教学造成了一定的困难。本文根据半波损失产生的原因,总结了附加光程差是否存在的规律,希望对学生的学习有一定的帮助。     

小议薄膜干涉中的额外光程差

本文对薄膜干涉中两反射光之间的额外光程差的出现归结为“半波损失”提出了看法,并对额外光程差在什么条件下才等于λ/2进行了讨论。     

关于薄膜干涉中额外光程差的讨论

就薄膜干涉中两反射光间的额外光程差问题展开论述。首先给出半波损失的概念,强调入射光在掠入射或正入射两种情况下,反射光才可产生半波损失。其次讨论薄膜干涉中各种情况下反射光间的额外光程差。第1种情况是折射率为n2的薄膜处于折射率为n1的介质中,可分为n1〉n2和n1n2〉n3,n1n2n34种情况。分别讨论了反射光间是否存在额外光程差,并且对入射角的范围作了说明,同时更正了部分文献的错误。与某些教科书给出的结论不同,当媒质的折射率逐次变化时,也会存在一个额外光程差,但不是λ/2;而当薄膜上下表面物理性质相反时,也有额外光程差不为λ/2的特例。     

对菲涅耳公式应用的研究和探讨

利用菲涅耳公式阐述了反射时出现的半波损失，薄膜干涉时出现的额外光程差问题，解释了布儒斯特定律、全反射现象．     

光波场在2种介质界面反射时的半波损失

在波动光学中常常会遇到光波场在2种介质分界面上反射时的半波损失问题，而大多数教科书并未能从理论上阐明半波损失产生的条件和原因。从电磁场的基本理论出发，分析和讨论了光波场在两种界面上反射时的半波损失问题，从本质上全面、合理地解释了在实验中产生半波损失的实验结果。     

光波场在2种介质界面反射时的半波损失

在波动光学中常常会遇到光波场在2种介质分界面上反射时的半波损失问题,而大多数教科书并未能从理论上阐明半波损失产生的条件和原因.从电磁场的基本理论出发,分析和讨论了光波场在两种界面上反射时的半波损失问题,从本质上全面,合理地解释了在实验中产生半波损失的实验结果.     

薄膜干涉理论中的几个问题

在分析讨论单层增透、增反膜条件的基础上,对半波损失、附加光程差的定义和正、负号问题进行了规范工作     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-