1998年夏季江淮地区强暴雨过程的湿位涡诊断分析

为了研究梅雨期江淮流域暴雨发生发展的特征,利用HUBEX资料,根据湿位涡守恒原理和倾斜涡度发展理论,分析了江淮地区2次强暴雨的发生发展的原因。结果表明：2次暴雨是在不同性质的层结状态下发生的,其湿位涡的分布有较大差异。在局地对流稳定条件下,暴雨区上空对流层中、低层Pm1＞0,Pm2＜0,并且（Pm1）的绝对值＞（Pm2）的绝对值,对流层中、低层的垂直风切变和大气的斜压性使垂直涡度显著发展,导致暴雨发生。在局地对流不稳定的条件下,暴雨区上空对流层中、低层Pm1＜0,Pm2＞0,也满足（Pm1）的绝对值＞（Pm2）的绝对值,暴雨过程是对流不稳定和斜压不稳定共同作用的结果。无论是对流稳定或不稳定的强降水过程,Pm1和Pm2均能反映出降水的触发机制和特征,对于暴雨的预报和诊断具有指导意义。     

丽江市强对流天气背景条件研究

选取2006年到2011年丽江市境内发生的76个强对流暴雨和冰雹个例,从影响的天气系统、水汽条件、大气层结结构、能量条件和中尺度水汽、急流特征等5个方面进行了分析,得到了如下主要结论:一是对流层中层偏北气流、中低层切变低涡、地面冷空气是强对流暴雨或冰雹形成的主要天气系统,夏秋季西太平洋副热带高压西伸或东退过程中,在其边缘也有可能出现强对流暴雨或冰雹天气;二是大部分强对流暴雨或冰雹形成前,气层无明显不稳定特征,08时的对流不稳定度对其指示作用不显著;三是强对流暴雨形成前,中低层有深厚的高湿度层,而且有较好的水汽输送,而冰雹形成前,上干下湿的层结特征明显;四是对流层急流对丽江境内强对流暴雨或冰雹的形成作用不大,指示性较差;五是要重视更高层次垂直风切变的分析.     

北京地区局地强风暴发生的环境条件

采用１９８０～１９８８年北京地区局地强风暴和北京探空资料，研究了本地区局地强风暴发生的环境条件，有利的环境条件是：对流层低层为低压；层结不稳定和中下层位势不稳定；中低层水汽含量高和对流层深厚气层中相对湿度大．局地强风暴生成与中层干燥、高空强风和垂直风速切变无明显关系．     

厦门市雷暴时间分布特征分析

雷暴是由发展旺盛的积雨云引起闪电、雷鸣等现象的局地对流性天气。当大气中的层结处于不稳定时容易产生强烈的对流。云与云、云与地面之间电位差达到一定程度后就要放电,有时雷声隆隆、耀眼的闪电划破天空,常伴有大风、冰雹、阵性降雨或暴雨。雷暴可分为热力雷暴和锋面雷暴两种类型;热力雷暴属气团内部热力发展所致强烈对流而形成,以夏季最为多见;     

2019年6月22日闽北一次暴雨过程分析

从天气实况、环流背景和影响系统、物理量条件、雷达产品出发,分析2019年6月22日闽北一次暴雨过程,结果表明,低槽东移受副高阻挡,持续引导冷空气南下,配合低层切变线、急流和地面倒槽引发此次暴雨;强的不稳定层结、深厚的湿层、地面高温高能、较大对流有效位能、高的K指数和负的SI指数等为此次连续性暴雨提供有利条件;地面辐合线是触发暴雨的中小尺度之一,对暴雨预报有一定时间提前量;中高层大风速动量下传为暴雨提供动力条件。     

抚州市一次连续性暴雨过程分析

利用常规气象资料,T639数值预报产品等资料对2014年6月19-22日抚州市出现连续性暴雨形成机制进行分析,结果表明:此次暴雨是在中高纬"两槽一脊"环流背景下产生,而中低层持续强劲的西南急流是这次暴雨的主要触发系统,持续的低空急流为暴雨区输送充足的水汽和不稳定能量,急流最大风速出口区辐合为暴雨形成提供了辐合上升的动力条件。过程期间,高低空散度场配置以及低空正涡度中心与强辐合区的叠加,表明在暴雨区内存在着大气上升运动。在大气处于高度不稳定状态下,地面存在辐合扰动,有利于中尺度对流系统的发生发展。     

闽中一次突发性局部大暴雨的中尺度分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、加密自动气象站以及多普勒雷达资料,对2009年6月3日～4日出现在福建中部沿海地区的局部大暴雨进行了中尺度分析。结果表明:暴雨是在比较有利的天气背景条件下产生的,高空槽、低涡切变线以及地面中尺度切变线是其主要影响系统;对流层中低层大量的水汽输送和对流有效位能的积累为大暴雨的形成提供了有利的环境条件,低层弱冷空气入侵使西南暖湿气流被迫抬升、地面中尺度切变线的形成是暴雨发生的触发机制。     

闽中—次突发性局部大暴雨的中尺度分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、加密自动气象站以及多普勒雷达资料,对2009年6月3日～4日出现在福建中部沿海地区的局部大暴雨进行了中尺度分析。结果表明：暴雨是在比较有利的天气背景条件下产生的,高空槽、低涡切变线以及地面中尺度切变线是其主要影响系统;对流层中低层大量的水汽输送和对流有效位能的积累为大暴雨的形成提供了有利的环境条件,低层弱冷空气入侵使西南暖湿气流被迫抬升、地面中尺度切变线的形成是暴雨发生的触发机制。     

一次强降水过程中两类暖区暴雨特征对比

利用常规气象探测资料、龙岩S波段双偏振雷达数据、加密区域自动站数据等,对2019年6月7～13日一次强降水过程出现的两类暖区暴雨特征进行对比分析。结果表明,①暖区暴雨均处在高温高湿场中,呈低层辐合高层辐散状态,层结极不稳定,由底层的辐合或切变触发,其中冷空气渗透暖区暴雨多为本地场触发生成;②冷空气渗透暖区暴雨对流性强于暖切抬升暖区暴雨,前者雨滴大、不均匀,后者雨滴小且均匀,降水效率高,两者雷达特征区别非常明显。     

与低空急流相伴的暴雨天气诊断分析

 对1998年5月～2002年5月7例与低空急流相伴的云南全省性暴雨过程进行了合成诊断分析.结果表明:临近暴雨发生时,西南低空急流的形成应是云南暴雨产生的主要原因,暴雨天气通常出现在低空急流北侧风矢呈气旋性弯曲、风速递减的梯度十分明显的区域内;低空急流对于水汽和能量的输送起非常重要的作用,它一方面为暴雨的产生提供了所需要的大量水汽,另一方面又使得暴雨区低层大气增湿增暖,从而引起对流不稳定加强,为暴雨的发生提供大量的不稳定能量.湿位涡分析表明,暴雨发生前,冷暖空气在云南交汇,使大气温湿结构发生变化,θ_e等值面坡度加大,当低空急流移向对流不稳定区时,便有气旋性涡度剧烈发展,导致暴雨天气的发生.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-