纺锤形纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及其对重金属离子的脱除性能

以立方纳米碳酸钙为模板,通过离子交换法,制备得到了纺锤形纳米羟基磷灰石（HAP）。考察了反应温度、pH值等因素对颗粒制备的影响,得到的较优工艺条件为：在pH=10,反应温度60℃,反应4h的条件下,可制备出纺锤形纳米HAP。所制备的样品由HAP晶须排列构成,粒径在150~200nm,形貌良好且分散均一。纺锤形纳米HAP的重金属Pb²⁺脱除实验结果表明,随着pH值的降低和脱除温度的升高,Pb²⁺的脱除率增加,较优的脱除条件为pH<2.5、脱除温度40℃、搅拌时间60min。在此条件下,Pb²⁺脱除率大于99.7%。     

纳米碳酸钙颗粒表面接枝聚合甲基丙烯酸甲酯的结构及机理分析

通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的自由基聚合实现了纳米碳酸钙表面聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）接枝改性,对碳酸钙表面接枝的PMMA进行了分析表征,并对接枝改性机理进行了探讨。MMA接枝聚合改性纳米碳酸钙粒子的红外分析和碳酸钙表面接枝聚合物的。H-核磁分析表明：甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合在纳米碳酸钙的表面;凝胶渗透色谱分析表明：碳酸钙表面接枝的PMMA相对分子质量大于MMA水相均聚物,而且分子量分布较均聚物宽;随着MMA单体用量的增加,纳米碳酸钙表面PMMA接枝率增加,接枝密度增加,但PMMA在纳米碳酸钙表面的接枝聚合度基本不变。     

疏水性纳米碳酸钙的原位合成

在甲醇溶液中通过自制表面活性剂的控制, 成功制备出疏水性纳米碳酸钙. 采用扫描电镜、 透射电镜、 X射线衍射、 红外光谱、 热重分析和接触角测试对产品进行测定. 结果表明, 表面活性剂在反应过程中不但控制晶体的成核生长, 同时还能对碳酸钙表面 进行修饰. 通过控制反应条件, 得到了粒径为40 nm的椭球型纳米碳酸钙粉体, 产品晶型为文石和方解石型, 表面活性剂与碳酸钙形成化学键合,制备的粉体产品为疏水性, 成功地对碳酸钙进行了原位表面修饰.     

Induction-dependent neural marker expression and electrophysiological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that naturally express high levels of nestin

Under certain experimental conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express neuronal phenotypes and neuronal markers, which suggests that they could be used to treat various neurological diseases. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from adult rat bone marrow, cultivated, and evaluated for neurotrophin expression profiles, as well as the potential to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. MSCs from passage 5 were pre-induced with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/mL bFGF (fibroblast growth factor-2). Subsequently, a chemical inductor containing Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and forskolin were used to induce neural expression of MSCs. Expression patterns of nestin, NF-200, and GFAP at time points before and after induction were detected by immunofluorescence. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions in MSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to elucidate the electrical behavior of MSC before and after 24-h differentiation induction. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that MSCs expressed nestin (57.1% ± 6.9%), but not NF-200 or GFAP. Following neural induction, the cells exhibited a neuronal-like appearance. Nestin and NF-200 expression was positive in the neuronal-like cells, but GFAP expression was negative. After 6-, 12- and 24-h induction, the ratio of nestin-positive cells was 96.5% ± 1.9%, 88.1% ± 5.4%, and 33.5% ± 5.4%. NF-200 positive cells were 90.1% ± 2.9%, 97.5% ± 1.3%, and 98.1% ± 1.6%, respectively. However, prior to induction, MSCs already expressed NGF and BDNF. With a stimulus impulse of 40 mV, the density of the transient outward K current was (9.95 ± 4.85) pA/pF (n = 9) and (328.50 ± 30.62) pA/pF (n = 9) before and after induction, and the density of transient calcium ion currents was (−0.059 ± 0.027) pA/pF (n = 7) and (−6.66 ± 0.50) pA/pF (n = 7), respectively. Transient outward potassium currents and calcium ions currents gradually increased following induction. In addition, MSCs isolated from bone marrow exhibited characteristics of neuronal progenitor cells and expressed neurotrophins. These cells exhibited the capacity to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. These results suggested that MSCs express high levels of nestin and could be utilized for therapeutic strategies to treat nervous system diseases.     

聚环氧琥珀酸对纳米碳酸钙粒子的分散作用

采用自然沉降法和吸光光度法,研究了聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）等高分子物质对粒径为60nm的碳酸钙粉体在水溶液中的分散行为,然后对它们进行复配,并对复配配方的分散性和稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明PESA对纳米碳酸钙的分散性最好,其次为聚丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯-膦酸-磺酸盐四元共聚物、丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯-磺酸盐和丙烯酸-2-甲基-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸类共聚物。对PESA与其他几种分散剂进行复配,其中加入与碳酸钙的质量比为1.8%的ESA、0.7%的六偏磷酸钠和0.1%的十二烷基硫酸钠3元复配的分散性能和稳定性最佳。     

L-丝氨酸与L-天门冬氨酸对羟基磷灰石仿生矿化的影响

根据仿生合成原理,以L-丝氨酸(L-Ser)和L-天门冬氨酸(L-Asp)为有机基质,通过气相扩散法制备碳-羟基磷灰石晶体,并在牙釉质片上进行仿生再矿化.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征产物结构,并考察不同浓度氨基酸对中间产物碳酸钙和最终产物羟基磷灰石粉体及牙釉质基质的影响.结果表明:氨基酸浓度对溶液中游离晶体粉末的形貌影响较大,由碳酸钙转化为羟基磷灰石,具有形貌遗传性,该影响未体现在牙釉质基质上;吸附在牙釉质基质片的氨基酸作为矿化成核位点,通过调节羟基磷灰石的晶体生长排列方向即可实现原位再矿化.     

Preparation of calcium carbonate particles coated with titanium dioxide

The preparation of a new mineral composite material, calcium carbonate particles coated with titanium dioxide, was studied. The mechanism of the preparation process was proposed. The new mineral composite material was made by the mechanoehemieal method under the optimum condition that the mass ratio of calcium carbonate particles to titanium dioxide was 6.5:3.5. The mass ratios of two different types of titanium dioxide (anatase to rutile) and grinding media to grinded materials were 8:2 and 4:1 respectively, and the modified density was 60%. Under this condition, the new material was capable of forming after 120-min modification. The hiding power and oil absorption of this new material were 29.12 g/m2 and 23.30%, respectively. The results show that the modification is based on surface hydroxylation. After coating with titanium dioxide, the hiding power of calcium carbonate can be improved greatly. The new mineral composite materials can be used as the substitute for titanium dioxide.     

微细针状碳酸钙的超重力法制备及表征

采用超重力反应结晶法,在旋转填充床(RPB)反应器中,以Ca(OH)2/CO2为反应物系,MgCl2作为晶形控制剂,在较短时间(约1h)内合成出了平均短轴为80～200nm、长径比为12～20且短轴及长径比分布较窄的微细针状碳酸钙;利用TEM、电子衍射、XRD、TG-DTA等手段对产品进行了表征.XRD分析表明,所制备微细针状碳酸钙为结晶态,含有文石及方解石两种晶型,文石相含量为73%.TG-DTA分析显示,所制备的微细针状碳酸钙起始分解温度为528℃,比重力场中合成的CaCO3分解温度降低了297℃.     

一株碳酸钙矿化菌的分离与鉴定

基于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的岩土工程加固技术是一种环境友好的新技术.碳酸钙矿化菌是该技术应用的前提.为获得具有诱导碳酸钙沉积能力的菌株,采用选择性富集培养、平板分离方法从土壤中分离得到了一株具有尿素分解能力的菌株,细菌诱导产生的沉积物检测结果表明该菌株具有诱导碳酸钙沉积能力.通过形态学、革兰氏染色和16S rDNA序列同源性分析鉴定该菌株为巴斯德芽孢杆菌.     

1型糖尿病小鼠钙磷代谢研究

通过对1型糖尿病小鼠模型的研究,检测其尿液、血清、骨骼中钙、磷含量.腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(40mg/kg),连续5d,诱导糖尿病小鼠模型.使用钙、磷试剂盒检测血清、尿液、骨骼中的钙、磷含量.糖尿病小鼠血磷升高(P0.05),尿磷降低(P0.05),尿钙升高(P0.05).股骨中钙、磷(P0.05)含量较正常组降低,胫骨中钙含量降低(P0.05).研究表明,高血糖引起尿钙流失增加,继而导致骨骼钙溶出增加,骨钙含量降低.另外,高血糖引起尿磷排泄减少,从而导致高血磷状态.     

单分散纳米碳酸钙的制备和表征

采用微乳液法,利用Ca(NO₃)₂和Na₂CO₃在微乳液界面处发生反应,制备得到了分散性良好,尺寸大小为10nm左右的纳米碳酸钙。实验发现,油酸含量对碳酸钙分散性有重要影响,当油酸含量是碳酸钙质量的2.5%时,所制备的颗粒分散性良好。XRD检测结果表明,所得碳酸钙产品主要包含球霰石和方解石两种晶型;热重（TG）和差热（DSC）分析表明：包覆在纳米碳酸钙表面的改性剂质量分数与加入的油酸的量相吻合,这证明了油酸基本包覆在了碳酸钙粒子表面,从而改善了碳酸钙的分散性。     

Preparation of porous chitosan-poly（acrylic acid）- calcium phosphate hybrid nanoparticles via mineralization

In this work, the preparation of chitosan-poly（acrylic acid）-calcium phosphate hybrid nanoparticles （CS-PAA-CaP NP） based on the mineralization of calcium phosphate （CAP） on the surface of chitosan-poly （acrylic acid） nanoparticles （CS-PAA NPs） was reported. CS-PAA-CaP NPs were achieved by directly adding ammonia to the aqueous solution of CS-PAA nanoparticles or by thermal decomposition of urea in the aqueous solution of CS-PAA nanoparticles, resulting in the mineralization of CaP on the surface of CS-PAA NPs. Through these two routes, especially using urea as a pH-regulator, the precipitation of CS-PAA NPs, a common occurrence in basic environment, was avoided. The size, morphology and ingredient of CS-PAA-CaP hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering （DLS）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, thermogravimetry analysis （TGA） and X-ray diffractometer （XRD）. When urea was used as the pH regulator to facilitate the mineralization during the thermal urea decomposition procedure, regular CS-PAA-CaP hybrid nanoparticles with a porosity-structural CaP shells and 400-600 nm size were obtained. TGA result revealed that the hybrid NPs contained approximately 23% inorganic component, which was consistent with the ratio of starting materials. The XRD spectra of hybrid nanoparticles in- dicated that dicalcium phosphate （DCP： CaHPO4） crystal was a dominant component of mineralization. The porous structure of the CS-PAA-CaP hybrid NPs might be greatly useful in pharmaceutical and other medical applications.     

酶解骨粉对低钙大鼠的补钙功效研究

为研究酶解骨粉对低钙大鼠的补钙效果，经过六周低钙饲养SD大鼠构建低钙模型，连续四周分别灌胃给予低钙大鼠200、400和800 mg/kg酶解骨粉溶液.对大鼠股骨进行HE染色分析，测定股骨力学指标、骨密度、干重灰重、骨钙和骨磷含量，并测定钙的表观吸收率.实验结果发现模型组大鼠骨小梁显著减少，骨髓腔明显扩大.给予酶解骨粉后大鼠骨小梁数量增加，骨髓腔面积减小.高剂量酶解骨粉组大鼠的骨密度提高了14.1%，股骨钙磷含量和钙表观吸收率也显著升高（p<0.05）.研究表明酶解骨粉能够促进低钙大鼠钙的吸收，提高大鼠骨密度，增加体内骨钙含量，或是一种潜在的补钙制剂.      

Synthesis of self-assembled needle-shaped calcium carbonate superstructures

Novel self-assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals exhibiting the morphology of well-defined needles were synthesized by a simple precipitation reaction in the presence of octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (ODP) as a crystal additive. The CaCO₃ obtained by this method is hydrophobic, making it likely to be used widely in industry. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle experiments. The results indicated that ODP plays an important role in determining the structure, morphology and hydrophobicity of CaCO₃ crystals.     

Effect of Dy3+on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts

A series of experimental methods including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, mineralized function, Oil Red O stain and measurement were employed to assess the effect of Dy³⁺ on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the adipogenic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts (OBs). The results showed that Dy³⁺ had no effect on BMSC proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁸ and 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L, but inhibited BMSC proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on OB proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻¹⁰ and 1×10⁻⁹ mol/L, but inhibited OB proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹ and 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations at the 7th day. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited by Dy³⁺ at concentration of 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L at the 14th day, but promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹, 1×10⁻⁸, 1×10⁻⁷ and 1×10⁻⁶ mol/L with the maximal effect at concentration of 10⁻⁶ mol/L. Dy³⁺ promoted mineralized function of BMSCs at any concentration. Dy³⁺ had no effect on adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentration of 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, but inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ inhibited adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs at any concentration, suggesting that Dy³⁺ had protective effect on bone and the protective effect on bone may be mediated by modulating differentiation of BMSCs away from the adipocyte and inhibiting adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs which may promote differentiation and mineralization of OBs. These results may be valuable for better understanding the mechanism of the effect of Dy³⁺ on pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Supported by the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 208018)     

非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网和碳酸钙互作对香樟幼苗氮磷养分的影响

为考察非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网(后简称菌根网)和碳酸钙互作对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗氮磷养分的影响，模拟构建了植物根际和非根际隔室装置，采用尼龙网隔离实现根际与非根际隔室菌根网互联，在根际隔室中种植香樟幼苗并接种丛枝菌根真菌，在非根际隔室施加或未施加外源碳酸钙，培养期结束后测定植物生物量和氮、磷含量。结果显示：菌根网对香樟幼苗植株生物量，氮、磷摄取量及氮磷比有明显影响；施加碳酸钙明对幼苗植株氮含量、氮摄取量及氮磷比有明显的影响；在施加碳酸钙后菌根网明显提升了幼苗植株生物量，氮含量及氮、磷摄取量，叶片氮、磷摄取量和根的氮磷比；在菌根网存在时施加碳酸钙可明显提高植株氮含量、根和叶的氮摄取量以及根的氮磷比；菌根网与碳酸钙的交互作用明显影响了幼苗植株氮含量，氮、磷摄取量和氮磷比，但对幼苗植株生物量无明显影响。研究结果提示非根际喀斯特土壤中互联菌根网和碳酸钙相互作用能够促进植物对氮磷养分的吸收利用。     

Corrosion of magnesium and magnesium –calcium alloy in biologically-simulated environment

A study of biocompatibility and corrosion of both metallic magnesium(Mg) and a magnesium alloy containing 1% calcium(Mg–Ca) were investigated in in vitro culture conditions with and without the presence of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells(h MSCs).Chemical analysis of the degraded samples was performed using XRD and FEGSEM. The results from the XRD analysis strongly suggested that crystalline phase of magnesium carbonate was present on the surface of both the Mg and Mg–Ca samples. Flame absorption spectrometry was used to analyse the release of magnesium and calcium ions into the cell culture medium. Magnesium concentration was kept consistently at a level ranging from 40 to 80 m M for both Mg and Mg–Ca samples. No cell growth was observed when in direct contact with the metals apart from a few cells observed at the bottom of culture plate containing Mg–Ca alloy. In general, in vitro study of corrosion of Mg–Ca in a biologicallysimulated environment using cell culture medium with the presence of h MSCs demonstrated close resemblances to in vivo corrosion. Although in vitro corrosion of Mg–Ca revealed slow corrosion rate and no immediate cytotoxicity effects to h MSCs, its corrosion rate was still too high to achieve normal stem cell growth when cells and alloys were cultured in vitro in direct contact.     

离子液体中Cu纳米电极上电化学还原CO2合成碳酸二甲脂

在不同的温度和时间下煅烧Cu片得到CO₂前驱体,再由Cu₂O前驱体电化学还原得到铜电极（Oxide reduced copper, OR-Cu）.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段对材料进行了表征,通过循环伏安（CV）和气质联用仪(GC-MS)等表征手段探讨了材料对CO₂的电化学催化性能以及对电合成DMC产率的影响.结果表明,OR-Cu电极的晶界以及Cu₂O初始厚度是影响材料电催化性能的主要因素.700 ℃下煅烧2 h的Cu₂O前驱体,再经电化学还原所得到的电极具有明显的晶界及合适的Cu₂O初始厚度,具有最高的电催化活性,以其作为电极合成DMC的产率在室温下可达到87%.     

甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷改性SiO2的制备

采用原位一步法制备了表面甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)改性的单分散纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）粒子。该过程将纳米SiO₂的缩合形成过程与功能化改性同步进行，并用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热失重分析（TGA）等测试方法研究了粒子的表面化学结构、形态和分散性以及粒子中MPS的含量。结果表明，原位一步法制备的MPS改性纳米SiO₂粒子粒径约75nm，基本上呈单分散状态，且含有大量的MPS功能性基团，其表面密度为3.45μmol/m²。     

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of copper, nickel and bimetallic Cu– Ni nanoparticles for potential use in dental materials

The antibacterial effect is a desirable property in dental materials.Development of simple methods for the preparation of nanosized metal particles has attracted significant attention because of their future applications due to unusual size-dependent antibacterial properties.Copper(Cu),Nickel(Ni) and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical method and their antibacterial activity was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus(gram-negative) and Escherichia coli(gram-positive).Additionally,these nanoparticles were tested against the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans.Our results are promising for potential use in dental materials science.